of Commons was one of those Parliamentary mysteries which no outsider could understand.  He seemed, even amid the hottest controversies, to be rather an arbiter than an advocate.  Once Mr. T. W. Russell, in a moment of inspiration, described him as “an umpire, perfectly impartial—­except that he never gives his own side out.”  Whereupon Whitbread, with a quaint half-smile, whispered to the man sitting next to him:  “That hit of ‘T.  W.’s’ was not very bad.”  A singular tribute to Whitbread’s influence, and the weight attaching to his counsel, is found in the fact that, in the autumn of 1885, before Mr. Gladstone had announced his conversion to Home Rule, Whitbread was one of the very few people (Goschen was another) to whom he confided his change of view.  Of the estimation in which Whitbread was held by his neighbours, even after he had ceased to represent them in Parliament, the present writer once heard a ludicrous, but illuminating, instance.  Among the men sentenced to death after the Jameson Raid was one connected by ties of family with Bedford.  For a while his kinsfolk could not believe that he was really in danger; but, when ominous rumours began to thicken, one of his uncles said, with an air of grave resolve:  “This is becoming serious about my nephew.  If it goes on much longer, I shall have to write to Mr. Whitbread.”

In the general course of politics Whitbread was a Whig, holding to the great principles of Civil and Religious Liberty, Peace, Retrenchment, and Reform; but he was a Whig with a difference.  He stuck to the party after it had been permeated by Gladstonianism, advanced in Liberalism as he advanced in years, and became a convinced Home Ruler.  His political prescience, founded on long experience and close observation, was remarkable.  Soon after Lord Salisbury’s accession to power in the summer of 1895, he said to the present writer:  “I fancy that for two or three years the Government will go on quietly enough; and then, when they find their popularity waning, they will pick a quarrel with somebody, and go to war.  It is always difficult for an Opposition to attack a Government which is conducting a war, and I think Chamberlain is just the man to take advantage of that difficulty.”

In religion Whitbread was an Evangelical of the more liberal type, mistrusting extremes, and always on the friendliest terms with Nonconformists.  As regards the affairs of common life, he was a most hospitable and courteous host; a thorough agriculturist, and a keen sportsman.  His size and weight debarred him from hunting, but he was a first-rate shot, whether on the moor or in the stubble, and a keen yachtsman.  At home and abroad, everywhere and in all things, he was a gentleman of the highest type, genial, dignified, and unassuming.  Probity, benevolence, and public spirit were embodied in Samuel Whitbread.

VII

HENRY MONTAGU BUTLER