of Artistic Taste—­Great Powers of the Poet—­Structure of the Adone—­Musical Fluency—­Marinism—­Marino’s Patriotic Verses—­Contrast between Chiabrera and Marino—­An Aspirant after Pindar—­Chiabrera’s Biography—­His Court Life—­Efforts of Poets in the Seventeenth Century to attain to Novelty—­Chiabrera’s Failure—­Tassoni’s Life—­His Thirst to Innovate—­Origin of the Secchia Rapita—­Mock-Heroic Poetiy—­The Plot of this Poem—­Its Peculiar Humor—­Irony and Satire—­Novelty of the Species—­Lyrical Interbreathings—­Sustained Contrast of Parody and Pathos—­The Poet Testi

CHAPTER XII.

     PALESTRINA AND THE ORIGINS OF MODERN MUSIC.

Italy in Renaissance produces no National School of Music—­Flemish Composers in Rome—­Singers and Orchestra—­The Chaotic, Indecency of this Contrapuntal Style—­Palestrina’s Birth and Early History—­Decrees of the Tridentine Council upon Church Music—­The Mass of Pope Marcello—­Palestrina Satisfies the Cardinals with his New Style of Sacred Music—­Pius IV. and his Partiality for Music—­Palestrina and Filippo Neri—­His Motetts—­The Song of Solomon set to Melody—­Palestrina, the Saviour of Music—­The Founder of the Modern Style—­Florentine Essays in the Oratorio

CHAPTER XIII.

     THE BOLOGNESE SCHOOL OF PAINTERS.

     Decline of Plastic Art—­Dates of the Eclectic Masters—­The
     Mannerists—­Baroccio—­Reaction started by Lodovico Caracci—­His
     Cousins Annibale and Agostino—­Their Studies—­Their Academy at
     Bologna—­Their Artistic Aims—­Dionysius Calvaert—­Guido Reni—­The
     Man and his Art—­Domenichino—­Ruskin’s Criticism—­Relation of
     Domenichino to the Piety of his Age—­Caravaggio and the
     Realists—­Ribera—­Lo Spagna—­Guercino—­His Qualities as
     Colorist—­His Terribleness—­Private Life—­Digression upon
     Criticism—­Reasons why the Bolognese Painters, are justly now
     Neglected

CHAPTER XIV.

     CONCLUSION.

     The Main Events of European History—­Italy in the
     Renaissance—­Germany and Reformation—­Catholic Reaction—­Its
     Antagonism to Renaissance and Reformation—­Profound Identity of
     Renaissance and Reformation—­Place of Italy in European
     Civilization—­Want of Sympathy between Latin and Teutonic
     Races—­Relation of Rome to Italy—­Macaulay on the Roman Church—­On
     Protestantism—­Early Decline of Renaissance Enthusiasms—­Italy’s
     Present and Future

RENAISSANCE IN ITALY.

CHAPTER VII.

TORQUATO TASSO.