a system of espionage through the Order, 274;
  position of a Jesuit, ib.;
  the Black Pope, 275;
  the working of the Jesuit vow of poverty, 275 sq.;
  revision of the Constitutions by Lainez, 277;
  the question about the Monita Secreta, 277 sqq.;
  estimate of the historical importance of the Jesuits, 280 sq.;
  their methods of mental tyranny, 281;
  Jesuitical education, 282;
  desire to gain the control of youth, 283;
  their general aim the aggrandizement of the Order, 284;
  treatment of etudes fortes, ib.;
  admixture of falsehood and truth, 285;
  sham learning and sham art, 286;
  Jesuit morality, 287;
  manipulation of the conscience, 288;
  casuistical ethics, 290;
  system of confession and direction, 293;
  political intrigues and doctrines, 294 sqq.;
  the theory of the sovereignty of the people, 296;
  Jesuit connection with political plots, 297;
  suspected in regard to the deaths of Popes, 298;
  the Order expelled from various countries, 299 n.;
  relations of Jesuits to Rome, 299;
  their lax morality in regard to homicide, 306 n., 314;
  their support of the Interdict of Venice, ii. 198 sqq.

JEWS, Spanish, wealth and influence of, i. 169;
  adoption of Christianity, ib.;
  attacked by the Inquisition, 170;
  the edict for their expulsion, 171;
  its results, 172.

JULIUS II.: 
  results of his martial energy, i. 7.

—–­III., Pope (Giov.  Maria del Monte), i. 101.

K

KEPLER, high opinion of Bruno’s speculations held by, ii. 164.

KINGDOMS and States of Italy in 1494, enumeration of, i. 3.

L

‘LA Cuccagna,’ a satire by Marino, ii. 263.

LAINEZ, James, associate of Ignatius Loyola, i. 240;
  his influence on the development of the Jesuits, 248;
  his commentary on the Constitutions (the Directorium), 249;
  his work in Venice, etc., 254;
  abject submission to Loyola, 262.

LATERAN, Council of the, i. 95.

LATIN and Teutonic factors in European civilization, ii. 393 sqq.

LATINI, Latino, on the extirpation of books by the Index, i. 208.

LEGATES, Papal, at Trent, i. 97 n., 119.

LE JAY, Claude, associate of Ignatius Loyola, i. 240;
  his work as a Jesuit at Ferrara, 254;
  in Austria. 258.

LEONI, Giambattista, employed by Sarpi to write against
  the Jesuits, ii. 200.

LEPANTO, battle of, i. 149.

LESCHASSIER, Sarpi’s letters to, ii. 229, 235.

‘LE Sette Giornate,’ Tasso’s, ii. 75, 115, 124.

LEYVA, Antonio de, at Bologna, i. 22.