[33] That is, as no longer in circulation (Span., por perdido).  The reference is to the native custom mentioned by Sande in his report of 1577 (see Vol IV of this series, p. 99).  Speaking of the best grade of gold used by the Moros, he says:  “From this is made the jewelry which they inherit from their ancestors, with which they never part.”

[34] A term originally applied to the gold or silver wristlets and anklets worn by Moorish women.

[35] In the form of promissory notes, such as always have been so much used and abused in the Philippines.—­Retana.

[36] Span., perlados; so in Retana’s text, but from the context there is apparently some error in this—­perhaps a copyist’s conjecture for some illegible word.

[37] This man was notary of the expedition sent to Borneo and Mindanao by Francisco de Sande under command of Gabriel de Rivera.  See ante, Vol.  IV, p. 273.

[38] Fray Santa Ines says (Cronica, i, p. 16) that the use of this phrase (Spanish, Islas del Poniente) arose among Spanish traders—­partly because, to reach the Philippines, they followed the course of the sun westward from Spain; and partly to sustain the contention that those islands were “in the demarcation of Castilla, or the Western Indias, and not in that of Portugal, or Oriental India.”

[39] The Inquisition was first introduced into Portuguese India in 1560; and into Spanish America in 1569 (at Panama).  In 1570 it was established in Mexico, of which the Philippines were a dependency in religious as well as civil affairs.  Felipe II’s decree (January 25, 1569) establishing the Inquisition in the Indias, with other decrees regulating the operations and privileges of that tribunal, may be found in Recopilacion leyes Indias (ed. 1841), lib. i, tit. xix.  Regarding the history and methods of the Inquisition, the following works are most full and authoritative:  Practica Inquisitionis hereticoe pravitatis (ed. of C. Douais, Paris, 1886), by Bernard Gui—­himself an inquisitor; it was composed about 1321. Historia Inquisitionis (Amstelodami, 1692), by Philippus van Limborch; English translations of this book were published at London in 1731, 1734, 1816, and 1825. Anales de la Inquisicion de Espana (Madrid, 1812-13), by Juan A. Llorente, who was secretary to the Inquisition in Spain, and chancellor of the University of Toledo; translations of this book were published in English (London, 1826; and New York, 1838), and in other languages. Historica critica de la Inquisicion de Espana (Madrid, 1822), also by Llorente. History of the Inquisition (London and N.Y., 1874), by W.H.  Rule. The Jews of Spain and Portugal, and the Inquisition (London, 1877), by Frederic D. Mocatta, a Jew. History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages (N.Y., 1886), by Henry C. Lea. Les sources de l’histoire de l’Inquisition dans le midi de la France au treizieme et au quatorzieme siecle, by C. Douais, editor of Gui’s work; it includes the Chronique of Guilhem Pelisso, “the first written account of the Inquisition.”