In Tongaland Boer emissaries were not idle; but they failed, owing to the fact that the Tonga Queen Regent, Zambili, a really fine specimen of the savage ruler, would have nothing to do with any power but England, whose suzerainty she accepted in 1887.  Being shut off here, the Boer Government made another bid for seaward extension, and, through their emissaries, obtained certain rights from two petty chiefs, Zambaan and Umbegesa, whom they represented as independent kings; but Lord Rosebery annexed their territories in 1894, and so put a final stop to the Transvaal schemes to evade the Convention by intrigue with neighbouring native tribes.

Nothing can better illustrate the Boers’ deliberate evasion of their treaty obligations than their conduct in these matters.  The Pretoria Convention defined the Transvaal boundaries and acknowledged the independence of the Swazis, and yet the British Government’s delay in consenting to the annexation of Swaziland by the Republic was regarded for years as an intolerable grievance, and was proclaimed as such so insistently that nearly all South Africa came at last to so regard it.

The Boers’ consent to the Chartered Company’s occupation of Mashonaland was looked upon as something calling for a quid pro quo, and the annexation of Zambaan’s land is now regarded as an infamous act of piracy by England, and an infringement of the Republic’s rights, which the Dutch papers denounce most vehemently.  The Boer Government made it clear, not less in their purely internal policy than in these matters of extensions of territory, that they intended pursuing a line of their own.

In 1882, the property known as ‘Moodies,’ consisting of a number of farms bearing indications of gold, was thrown open to prospectors.  The farms had been allotted to Mr. G. Piggott Moodie when he was Surveyor-General, in lieu of salary which the Republic was unable to pay.  This was the beginning of the prospecting era which opened up De Kaap, Witwatersrand, and other fields; but it was a small beginning, and for some time nothing worth mentioning was discovered.  The Republic was again in a bad way, and drifting backwards after its first spurt.  The greatest uncertainty prevailed amongst prospectors as to their titles, for in Lydenburg, at Pilgrim’s Rest, and on the Devil’s Kantoor, concessions had been granted over the heads of the miners at work on their claims, and they had been turned off for the benefit of men who contributed in no way to the welfare and prosperity of the State.  It has been stated in the Volksraad that not one of those concessionaires has even paid the dues and rents, or complied with the other conditions stipulated in the contracts. district was practically locked up for fourteen years owing to the concession policy, and has only lately been partly released from the bonds of monopoly.