[19] Tronci, Annali Pisani, Livorno, 1682, p. 21.

[20] Ibid. p. 22.

[21] Muratori (Annali ad ann.) says Pope Alexander visited in this year S. Martino the Duomo of Lucca.  Ad ann. 1118 he suggests 1092 for the foundation of the Duomo of Pisa.

[22] Thus Tronci; but Volpe, Studi sulle Istituzioni Comunali a Pisa, p. 6, tells us that these quarters did not exist till much later,—­till after 1164, when the system of division by porte e base was abandoned for division by quartieri.  Tronci, later, says that the city was unwalled (p. 38).  But even in the eleventh century Pisa was a walled city; the first walls included only the Quartiere di Mezzo; and in those days the city proper, the walled part, was called “Populus Pisanus,” while the suburbs were called Cinthicanus, Foriportensis, and de Burgis.  Cf. Arch.  St. It. iii. vol.  VIII. p. 5.  Muratori, Dissertazioni, 30, “De Mercat.” says that in the tenth century a part of the city was called Kinzic; cf.  Fanucci, St. dei Tre celebri Popoli Maritt. I. 96.  Kinzic is Arabic, and means magazzinaggi.

[23] Tronci, op. cit. p. 38.

[24] Tronci, op. cit. p. 60.

[25] It was from Amalfi that they brought home the Pandects.

[26] The first Podesta of the city was Conte Tedicis della Gherardesca.

[27] Pisa was perhaps influenced, too, in her choice of the Ghibelline side by the interference of the Papacy against her in Corsica.  While, if Pisa was Ghibelline, Lucca, of course, was Guelph.

[28] Cf.  G. Villani, op. cit. lib. vii. cap. ii., “La cagione perche si comincio la guerra da’ Fiorentini a’ Pisani,” and Villari, History of Florence (Eng. ed. 1902), p. 176.

[29] This seems to give the lie to the accusation of treachery, which said that he gave the signal for flight at Meloria; but in fact it does not, for Pisa elected Ugolino for reasons, in the hope of conciliating Florence; cf.  Villari, op. cit. p. 284.

[30] He knew them to be Ghibellines.

[31] It was also called la muda.  It seems hardly necessary to refer the reader to Dante, Inferno, xxxiii. 1-90.  This tower (now to be called the Tower of Hunger) was the mew of the eagles.  For even as the Romans kept wolves on the Capitol, so the Pisans kept eagles, the Florentines lions, the Sienese a wolf.  See Villani, bk. vii. 128.  Heywood, Palio and Ponte, p. 13, note 2.

[32] Florence here means the League, to wit, Prato, Pistoja, Siena even, and all the allies, including the Guelphs of Romagna, who were fighting Arezzo under Archb.  Uberti, and Pisa under Archb.  Ruggieri.

[33] Yet in 1290 Genoa seized Porto Pisano:  “Furono allora disfatte le torri ... il fanale e tutte.”

[34] Tronci, op. cit. 269-271.  For the Palio,—­the name of the race and the prize of victory, a piece of silk not too much unlike the banners given at a modern battle of Flowers,—­see Heywood, Palio and Ponte, 1904, p. 12.