10. [Neptune.  So called, either because he was worshiped on Helicon, a
   mountain of Boeotia, or from Helice, an island of Achaia, where he
   had a temple.]—­TR.

   If the bull bellowed as he was led to the altar, it was considered
   a favorable omen.  Hence the simile.—­FELTON.

11. [It is an amiable trait in the character of Hector, that his pity
   in this instance supercedes his caution, and that at the sight of
   his brother in circumstances so affecting, he becomes at once
   inattentive to himself and the command of Apollo.]—­TR.

Footnotes for Book XXI: 
1.  The scene is now entirely changed, and the battle diversified with
   a vast variety of imagery and description.  It is worthy of notice,
   that though the whole war of the Iliad was upon the banks of these
   rivers, yet Homer has reserved the machinery of the river-gods to
   aggrandize his hero in this battle.  There is no book in the poem
   which exhibits greater force of imagination, none in which the
   inexhaustible invention of the poet is more powerfully exerted.

2.  The swarms of locusts that sometimes invade whole countries in the
   East, have often been described.  It seems that the ancient mode of
   exterminating them was, to kindle a fire, and thus drive them into
   a lake or river.  The simile illustrates in the most striking manner
   the panic caused by Achilles.—­FELTON.

3.  According to the Scholiast, Arisba was a city of Thrace, and near
   to the Hellespont; but according to Eustathius, a city of Troas,
   inhabited by a colony from Mitylene.

4.  It was an ancient custom to cast living horses into rivers, to
   honor, as it were, the rapidity of their streams.

5.  This gives us an idea of the superior strength of Achilles.  His
   spear pierced so deep in the ground, that another hero of great
   strength could not disengage it, but immediately after, Achilles
   draws it with the utmost ease.

6. [{’Akrokelainioon}.—­The beauty and force of this word are
   wonderful; I have in vain endeavored to do it justice.]—­TR.

7. [The reason given in the Scholium is, that the surface being
   hardened by the wind, the moisture remains unexhaled from beneath,
   and has time to saturate the roots.—­See Villoisson.]—­TR.

8. [{Amboladen}.]

9.  Homer represents Aphrodite as the protector of AEneas, and in the
   battle of the Trojans, Ares appears in a disadvantageous light; the
   weakness of the goddess, and the brutal confidence of the god are
   described with evident irony.  In like manner Diana and the
   river-god Scamander sometimes play a very undignified part.  Apollo
   alone uniformly maintains his dignity.—­MULLER.

10.  This is a very beautiful soliloquy of Agenor, such as would
   naturally arise in the soul of a brave man going upon a desperate
   enterprise.  From the conclusion it is evident, that the story of
   Achilles being invulnerable except in the heel, is an invention of
   a later age.