is the granary of all the islands of this archipelago, and I shall need to speak of it many times.  This bishopric includes the island of Negros, so called from its many Negrillos.  It is bounded on one side by Sugbu.  In short, the islands subject to this bishopric are almost innumerable.  It extends to the great island of Mindanao, which is said to be larger than that of Manila, [30] and to be inhabited by an infinite number of people.  By our neglect the worship of Mahoma has gained an entrance there.  One would believe that those demons attended to, and still attend to, those fables of theirs, more than we to our truths.  Many of the islands about Mindanao have the same worship.  On one side are the islands of Cuyo and great Paragua, where abundance of wax is gathered.  War generally prevails in the Pintados.  This offers great danger to those who go there, and more to the religious who go there most often.  And although our fleets have made sallies, I have never seen them have any luck—­either because they did not wish it, or because the Indians’ boats are so light that our caracoas can never overtake them, the worst people of these islands thus succeeding with their great depredations.  This matter will be referred to later; for some time past we have lost sight of our men, whom we left disembarking at Sugbu, armed and ready for whatever might happen.

An Indian named Tupas was the chief of that island.  Although all manner of efforts were made with him, he refused to come to good terms with the commander.  He continued to occasion innumerable delays, while, on the other hand, he negotiated with his men to arm and oppose the Spaniards, according to their custom—­so that not only would they defend their country from them, but even finish them all, doing to them the same thing that their ancestors had done to Magallanes’s men.  For, he said, those foreign nations could bring them no advantage, but would deprive them of their liberty, which they enjoyed as rulers of the land.  Furthermore their babaylans, who were their priestesses, made every effort so that the Spaniards might not set foot on land; for the devil, with whom they were in accord, seeing that his reign was about to end, acted with more than usual vigor through his infernal ministers.  But when the Lord is pleased with anything, there is no effort that can disturb Him.  Hence when our commander beheld the Indians preparing for the defense, and filling the shore with their lances, darts, campilans, and long shields (which they call carasag), and the sea with their boats—­to which they give many names, which we pass over—­although the commander saw all this, still he did not neglect to announce peace, by means of the father prior, Fray Andres de Urdaneta, and by public act of the notary.  But it had no better effect than the preceding efforts.  Hence he ordered his artillery to be discharged, somewhat high, so that he might frighten and startle them, without doing them any harm.  This succeeded as