[27] The episcopal residence is now in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, where it was removed in 1755 from Lal-lo, Cagayan.—­Coco.

[28] The island now known as Samar was formerly called Samar in the south, and Ibabao in the north.—­Coco.

[29] The island of Panay has at present one hundred villages, scattered through the three provinces of Iloilo, Capiz, and Antique, and the two districts of Concepcion and Aclan—­with a population in 1893 of about 790,772 people, of whom the Augustinians had in charge 561,158.—­Coco.

The “Bulletin” above cited gives Panay (which comprises parts of Antique, Capiz, and Iloilo provinces) 743,646 people, of whom 14,933 are wild.

[30] This is a fact if the figures of the U.S.  Gazetteer of the Philippine Islands are correct.  Those figures show that the mainland of Luzon contains 43,075 square miles and that of Mindanao 45,559.  While these numbers may not yet be taken as authoritative they may be regarded as approximate until actual and scientific surveys are made.  Algue’s Atlas follows the generally accepted though perhaps erroneous idea that Luzon is the larger of the two, its figures being 47,238 and 36,237 square miles, respectively.

[31] This cross is still preserved.  It was enclosed in an octagonal temple by the Augustinians in the time of the Augustinian bishop of Cebu, Fray Santos Maranon, in order to preserve it from the weather, and from the natives, who, regarding it as miraculous, were accustomed to take splinters from it as relics.  The foundation of the enclosure is of stone, and it has a grated window which permits passers-by to see the cross.  The latter is wooden, not stone, as Montero y Vidal states in his Historia general, i, p. 17.  This is the identical cross erected by Magallanes in 1521.—­Coco.

[32] This statement is an error.  Drake’s first trip to Spain was made to the Biscayan coast in 1564, and was only for the voyage.  See Julian Corbett’s Sir Francis Drake. (London, 1890).

[33] Fray Bernabe Villalobos was born in Leon, and professed in the Augustinian convent of San Felipe el Real.  He went to the Philippines in 1590, where he had charge of missions in Halaud (1591), Panay (1593), and Oton (1596).  He was twice prior of Manila (1602 and 1613), twice of Cebu (1606 and 1618), and definitor (1616), and later labored in the Tagal missions.  His death occurred at Manila in 1646.  See Perez’s Catalogo, p. 41.

[34] Compare the materialism of the North American Indians, in Cleveland reissue of Jesuit Relations, viii, p. 119; xx, p. 71; 1, p. 289.

[35] Fray Juan de Alva was born of an illustrious family in Segovia, and professed in the Augustinian convent at Toledo in 1514.  In 1535 he went to Mexico, where he labored for thirty-three years.  At the age of seventy-two he went to the Philippines, landing at Cebu in 1569.  He labored successfully in Panay, and founded the church of Dumangas.  In 1572 he was elected first prior of the convent of Manila and definitor, after which (1575) he began the foundation of Pasig.  He became rector provincial of the Philippines in 1576, and died at Manila, September 17, 1577.  See Perez’s Catalogo, p. 8.