[14] See Vol.  XV, p. 102, note 66.

[15] Western group of the Carolinas.  They were called Los Reyes, because they were discovered on the sixth of January, when the festival of the holy kings is celebrated.—­Miguel Coco, O.S.A.

Fray Miguel Coco—­born at Zamora in 1860, and a resident in the Philippines during 1881-95—­was editor of Medina’s Historia, on which he made copious annotations.  Many of these we reproduce or synopsize, in English translation, all of which are signed by his name.

[16] The Corales (or Coral), San Esteban, or Jardines Islands are now the northern Carolinas.—­Coco.

[17] Now the Palaos.—­Coco.

[18] For the name of this latter island, see Vol.  II, p. 68.  The Spanish editor of Medina, in referring to San Agustin’s Conquistas (p. 26), where the name of this island is discussed, says wrongly that the name was given by the Legazpi expedition.  It is one of the western Carolinas.

[19] In hydrography the name placeres is given to the layer of sand in stagnant water or alluvion which usually has particles of gold.  The Placeres are in die western part of the Carolinas.  See San Agustin’s Conquistas, p. 67, and Montero y Vidal’s El archipielago filipino (Madrid, 1886), pp. 443-499.—­Coco.

[20] The largest of the Marianas or Ladrone Islands is Guam, which was ceded to the United States by Spain in 1898.  The remaining twelve smaller islands of the group were transferred to Germany by Spain.

[21] Retana (Estadismo, ii, p. 512*) says that the baroto is now a boat dug out of a single log, sometimes of more than eighty feet in length.  They are used principally for the lading and discharging of vessels, and are native craft of Cebu and neighboring islands.  See U.S.  Gazetteer of Philippine Islands (Washington, 1902).

[22] See Vol.  I, pp. 105-111, for the English translation of this bull.  The translation of the portion quoted occupies parts of pp. 108, 109.

[23] This image is not now carried to the Cathedral on St. Vidal’s day.  It is carried in procession, however, on the second Sunday succeeding Epiphany when the Church celebrates the feast of the sweet name of Jesus.  Until the end of Spain’s domination of the islands the banner of Castile was also carried in this procession.—­Coco.

[24] Literally “barren loves,” the Chrysopopogon acicutatus (Trin.).  It is described by Delgado (Historia, p. 744) as a brake that is found quite commonly in the fields, and has small ears that bear a kind of very small millet, like that called vallico in Spain, which grows among the wheat.  It has a rough mildew that sticks to the clothes and penetrates them, which the Spaniards call amores secos.  It is especially abundant where there are cattle; and when these are grazing, the plants penetrate their eyes, even blinding them because they grow so thickly, and they must be withdrawn with the fingers.