important for India to save her home industries, and especially her hand-weaving industry, the wholesale destruction of which under the pressure of the Lancashire power loom has thrown so many poor people on to the already over-crowded land.  Here, as Mr. Chatterjee wisely remarks, combination and organization are badly needed, for “the hand industry has the greatest chances of survival when it adopts the methods of the power industry without actual resort to power machinery.”  The articles on the Indian industrial problem in Science Progress for April and July, by Mr. Alfred Chatterton, Director of Industries, Madras, are also worth careful attention.  He remarks quite truly that her inexhaustible supplies of cheap labour are “India’s greatest asset”; but he too wisely holds that the factory system of the West should only be guardedly extended and under careful precautions.  The Government of India have at present under consideration important legislative measures for preventing the undue exploitation of both child and adult labour—­measures which are already being denounced by the native Press as “restrictive” legislation devised by the “English cotton kings” in order to “stifle the indigenous industries of India in their infancy”!

What Government can do for the pioneering of new industries is shown by the success of the State dairies in Northern India and of Mr. Chatterton’s experiments in the manufacturing of aluminium in Madras.  There is an urgent demand at present for industrial research laboratories and experimental work all over India, and above all for better and more practical education.  But it would seem that, in this direction, the impetus given by Lord Curzon has somewhat slackened under Lord Minto’s administration, owing, doubtless, to the absorbing claims of the political situation and of political reforms.

In speaking in the Calcutta Council on a resolution for the establishment of a great Polytechnic College, the Home Member was able to point to a fairly long list of measures taken at no small cost by the State to promote technical education in all parts of India, and he rightly urged that there would be little use in creating a sort of technical University until a larger proportion of students had qualified for it by taking advantage of the more elementary courses already provided for them.  His answer would, however, have been more convincing could he have shown that existing institutions are always adequately equipped and that considered schemes which have the support of the best Indian as well as of the best official opinion are not subjected to merely dilatory objections at headquarters.  Three years ago, after the Naini Tal Industrial Conference, the most representative ever perhaps held in India, Sir John Hewett, who had been made Lieutenant-Governor of the United Provinces after having been the first to hold the new portfolio of Commerce and Industry, developed a scheme for the creation of a Technological College at Cawnpore, which