24.  On what conditions did Theodosius make peace with Maximus?

25.  Were these conditions observed?

26.  How did the war between Theodosius and Maximus terminate?

27.  Did Valentinian long survive his restoration?

28.  How did Theodosius act on the news of Valentinian’s murder?

29.  What caused the death of Theodosius?

FOOTNOTE: 

[1] From this powerful tribe Germany is still called, by the French, Allemagne.

* * * * *

CHAPTER XXVI.

SECTION I.

FROM THE DEATH OF THEODOSIUS TO THE SUBVERSION OF THE WESTERN EMPIRE.

  With eye of flame, and voice of fear,
  He comes, the breaker of the spear,
  The scorner of the shield!—­Anon.

1.  The memory of their father’s virtues protected the feeble youth of Arca’dius and Hono’rius, the sons of Theodo’sius; by the unanimous consent of mankind, they were saluted emperors of the East and West, and between them was made the final and permanent division of the Roman empire.  Though both parts were never re-united under a single ruler, they continued for several centuries to be considered as one empire, and this opinion produced important consequences even in a late period of the middle ages.  The dominions of Arca’dius extended from the lower Danube to the confines of Ethiopia and Persia; including Thrace, Greece, Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt.  Hono’rius, a youth in his eleventh year, received the nominal sovereignty of Italy, Africa, Gaul, Spain, and Britain, with the provinces of No’ricum, Panno’nia, and Dalma’tia.  The great and martial prefecture of Illyr’icum was divided equally between the two princes, the boundary line of whose dominions consequently nearly coincided with that which separates the Austrian states from the Turkish provinces. 2.  The Western empire, to the history of which we must now confine ourselves, though equal to the Eastern in extent, wealth, and population, was incomparably weaker, and already appeared rapidly tending to decay.  The Caledonians in Britain, and the German tribes on the northern frontiers, harassed the imperial troops by frequent incursions; on the east, the Goths were hourly becoming more formidable, and the African provinces were threatened by the Moors. 3.  The internal state of the empire furnished little ground for hope that these various enemies could be subdued; the principle of union no longer existed; the proud title of Roman citizen was an empty name, Rome itself had ceased to be the metropolis, and was now only protected by the memory of her former greatness.