What rein can hold licentious wickedness,
  When down the hill he holds his fierce career—­Shakspeare.

1.  Philip having thus murdered his benefactor, was so fortunate as to be immediately acknowledged emperor by the army.  Upon his exaltation he associated his son, a boy of six years of age, as his partner in the empire; and, in order to secure his power at home, made peace with the Persians, and marched his army towards Rome. 2.  However, the army revolting in favour of De’cius, his general, and setting violently upon him, one of his sentinels at a blow cut off his head, or rather cleft it asunder, separating the under jaw from the upper.  He died in the forty-fifth year of his age, after a short reign of about five years.

[Sidenote:  U.C. 1001.  A.D. 248.]

3.  De’cius was universally acknowledged as his successor.  His activity and wisdom seemed, in some measure, to stop the hastening decline of the Roman empire.  The senate seemed to think so highly of his merits, that they voted him not inferior to Tra’jan; and indeed he appeared in every instance to consult their dignity, and the welfare of all the inferior ranks of people. 4.  But no virtues could now prevent the approaching downfall of the state; the obstinate disputes between the Pagans and the Christians within the empire, and the unceasing irruptions of barbarous nations from without, enfeebled it beyond the power of remedy. 5.  He was killed in an ambuscade of the enemy, in the fiftieth year of his age, after a short reign of two years and six months.

[Sidenote:  U.C. 1004.  A.D. 251.]

6.  Gal’lus, who had betrayed the Roman army, had address enough to get himself declared emperor by that part of it which survived the defeat; he was forty-five years old when he began to reign, and was descended from an honourable family in Rome. 7.  He was the first who bought a dishonourable peace from the enemies of the state, agreeing to pay a considerable annual tribute to the Goths, whom it was his duty to repress.  He was regardless of every national calamity, and was lost in debauchery and sensuality.  The Pagans were allowed a power of persecuting the Christians through all parts of the state. 8.  These calamities were succeeded by a pestilence from heaven, that seemed to have spread over every part of the earth, and continued raging for several years, in an unheard-of manner; as well as by a civil war, which followed shortly after between Gallus and his general AEmilia’nus, who, having gained a victory over the Goths, was proclaimed emperor by his conquering army. 9.  Gallus hearing this, soon roused from the intoxications of pleasure, and prepared to oppose his dangerous rival:  but both he and his son were slain by AEmilia’nus, in a battle fought in Mossia.  His death was merited, and his vices were such as to deserve the detestation of posterity.  He died in the forty-seventh year of his age, after an unhappy reign of two years and four months, in which the empire suffered inexpressible calamities.