7.  To what punishment was he condemned?

8.  What occurred at his execution?

9.  Was this the only victim to the cruelty of Tiberius?

10.  How did Tiberius aggravate his cruelties?

11.  Did these cruelties long continue?

12.  How did he act on this?

13.  Was he resigned to his fate?

14.  What followed on this?

15.  How was this news received?

16.  Did Caligula boldly meet the consequences?

17.  How was this averted?

18.  What highly remarkable event happened in this reign?

19.  Was his desire gratified?

20.  What was the conduct of Caligula on this occasion?

21.  By what acts did he display his pride?

22.  Did his arrogance carry him farther than this?

23.  Under what name did he assume divine honours?

24.  Of what farther absurdities was he guilty?

25.  Relate other follies of his?

26.  What was his principal vice?

27.  Give an instance of his domestic extravagance?

SECTION V.

  For him no prayers are poured, no paeans sung,
  No blessings chanted from a nation’s tongue.—­Brereton.

1.  The impiety, however, of Calig’ula was but subordinate to his cruelties.  He slew many of the senate, and afterwards cited them to appear.  He cast great numbers of old and infirm men to the wild beasts, to free the state from such unserviceable citizens.  He usually fed his wild beasts with the bodies of those wretches whom he condemned; and every tenth day sent off numbers of them to be thus devoured, which he jocosely called clearing his accounts.  One of those who was thus exposed, crying out that he was innocent,[17] Calig’ula ordered him to be taken up, his tongue to be cut out, and then thrown into the amphitheatre as before. 2.  He took delight in killing men with slow tortures, that, as he expressed it, they might feel themselves dying, being always present at such executions himself, directing the duration of the punishment, and mitigating the tortures merely to prolong them. 3.  In fact, he valued himself for no quality more than his unrelenting temper, and inflexible severity, when he presided at an execution. 4.  Upon one occasion, being incensed with the citizens, he wished that the Roman people had but one neck, that he might dispatch them at one blow.

5.  Such insupportable and capricious cruelties produced many secret conspiracies against him; but they were for a while deferred upon account of his intended expedition against the Germans and Britons.

[Sidenote:  U.C. 793.  A.D. 41]