[8] It is impossible to paint the horrors of this dreadful proscription.  Nothing was to be seen but blood and slaughter; the streets were covered with dead bodies; the heads of the most illustrious senators were exposed on the rostra, and their bodies left to be devoured by dogs and birds of prey; three hundred senators, and above two thousand knights, besides a vast number of others of considerable rank, fell victims on this occasion.  Many noble instances of fidelity were displayed by slaves at this terrible conjuncture, several chose rather to die on the rack, in the most exquisite torments, than betray the place where their masters were concealed.

[9] A city on the confines of Macedonia, noted for the battle between Brutus and Cassius, and Mark Antony and Augustus, B.C. 42; and also the Epistle of Paul to the people of Philip’pi.

[10] This is very erroneous reasoning:  suicide is, no doubt a heinous crime:  but Brutus appears to have been governed by his apprehension of danger, instead of being convinced by the sober dictates of his judgment.

[11] On showing the order for the restoration of his property, he was nearly killed by the centurion who was in possession, and escaped only by swimming across a river.  To these melancholy events he alludes in his first Eclogue.

[12] Mantua was a very ancient town, supposed to be older than Rome.  It is still called Mantua, and is the capital of a duchy of the same name.

[13] He, however, displayed his usual cruelty towards the inhabitants, causing three hundred senators to be sacrificed at an altar erected to the memory of Julius Caesar, and delivering up the city to plunder and the flames.

[14] The severity of this sarcasm lay in its being directly contrary to truth, as Antony had been defeated by the Par’thians.

[15] Samos, a celebrated island in the Archipel’ago.  It has been rendered famous for the worship and a temple of Juno, with a noted Asylum.  Its capital was of the same name, and is memorable for the birth of Pythag’oras.

[16] Actium is famous for a temple of Apollo.

[17] A galley with five banks of oars.

[18] They continued unshaken in their fidelity for seven days after the battle of Actium, notwithstanding the advantageous offers made them by Augustus, in hopes Antony would return and put himself at their head, but finding themselves disappointed, and abandoned by their principal officers, they at length surrendered.

[19] Ti’mon, the misanthrope, was born near Athens, B.C. 420.  He declared himself the enemy of the human race, and had a companion named Apeman’tus, who possessed a similar disposition.  The latter asking him one day why he paid such respect to Alcibi’ades, “It is,” said the churl, “because I foresee he will prove the ruin of the Athe’nians, my countrymen."(Plutarch.)

[20] A strong city of Egypt.

[21] Pronounced Kar’mion.