art enough to persuade them to forget former animosities. 32.  A combination was thus formed, by which they agreed that nothing should be done in the commonwealth without their mutual concurrence and approbation.  This was called the first Trium’virate, by which we find the constitution weakened by a new interest which had not hitherto taken place, very different from that of the senate or the people, and yet dependent on both.

Questions for Examination.

1.  What followed on the death of Sylla?

2.  What first discovered their mutual jealousy?

3.  What was the next trial between them?

4.  Under what pretences did they hide their real views?

5.  What farther raised the reputation of Pompey?

6.  What means were had recourse to for this purpose?

7, 8.  What was the state of the war in Asia?

9.  What were the consequences of Pompey’s victories?

10.  Who was the author, and what was the object of this conspiracy?

11.  What was the character of Catiline?

12.  What occasioned this conspiracy?

13.  How was it to be carried into execution?

14.  What was the chief obstacle to its accomplishment, and how was this obstacle to be removed?

15.  Was Cicero informed of their proceedings?

16.  What precautions did he take in consequence?

17.  What was the first step taken?

18.  What was the conduct of Catiline on this occasion?

19.  Did he continue in Rome?

20.  Did the other conspirators escape?

21.  How was Catiline employed in the mean time?

22.  Had he a fair prospect of success?

23.  Did he boldly face his opponents?

24.  What followed?

25.  Did the extinction of this conspiracy give peace to Rome?

26.  Who were the contending parties, and what was the consequence of this dissension?

27.  Who profited by these jealousies?

28.  Who was Julius Caesar, and by what means did he acquire popularity?

29.  What was his first step towards power?

30.  To whom did he next apply?

31.  What consequence resulted from his application?

32.  What agreement was entered into by them, and what were they called?

FOOTNOTES: 

[1] Ci’cero, the first of Roman orators, as Demos’thenes was of the Greek, was born at Arpin’um, a town of the Volsci, and studied under the most celebrated orators and philosophers of Greece.  His style of eloquence was copious, highly ornamented, and addressed more to the passions than to the judgment of his hearers.  He was consul at the time of Cat’iline’s conspiracy; and, for his eminent services in detecting and frustrating it, was honoured with the title of Pater Patriae.

[2] On his entrance, the senators near whom he attempted to seal himself, quitting their places, left him quite alone.