21.  While his associates were put to death in the city, Cat’iline had raised an army of twelve thousand men, of which a fourth part only were completely armed, the rest being furnished with such weapons as chance afforded; darts, lances, and clubs. 22.  He refused, at first, to enlist slaves, who flocked to him in great numbers, trusting to the strength of the conspiracy; but upon the approach of the consul, who was sent against him, and upon the arrival of the news that his confederates were put to death, the face of affairs altered. 23.  His first attempt, therefore, was, by long marches, to make his escape over the Appenines into Gaul; but in this his hopes were disappointed; all the passes being guarded by an army superior to his own. 24.  Being thus hemmed in on every side, and seeing all things desperate, with nothing left him but either to die or conquer, he resolved to make one vigorous effort against that army which pursued him.  Anto’nius, the consul, being sick, the command devolved upon Petrei’us, who, after a fierce and bloody action in which he lost a considerable part of his best troops, put Cat’iline’s forces to the rout, and destroyed his whole army.[4]

25.  The extinction of this conspiracy seemed only to leave an open theatre for the ambition of the great men to display itself in.  Pompey was now returned in triumph from conquering the east, as he had before been victorious in Europe and Africa.

26.  Crassus was the richest man in Rome, and next to Pompey, possessed the greatest authority; his party in the senate was even greater than that of his rival, and the envy raised against him was less.  He and Pompey had long been disunited by an opposition of interests and of characters; however, it was from a continuance of their mutual jealousies that the state was in some measure to expect its future safety. 27.  It was in this situation of things that Julius Caesar, who had lately gone, as praetor, into Spain, and had returned with great riches and glory, resolved to convert their mutual jealousy to his own advantage. 28.  This celebrated man was descended from popular and illustrious ancestors.  He warmly espoused the side of the people, and shortly after the death of Sylla, procured the recall of those whom Sylla had banished.  He had all along declared for the populace against the senate, and became their most favourite magistrate. 29.  This consummate statesman began by offering his services to Pompey, promising to assist him in getting all his acts passed, notwithstanding the senate’s opposition.  Pompey, pleased at the acquisition of a person of so much merit, readily granted him his confidence and protection. 30.  He next applied to Crassus, who, from former connections, was disposed to become still more nearly his friend. 31.  At length, finding them not averse to an union of interests, he took an opportunity of bringing them together; and, remonstrating with them on the advantages as well as the necessity of a reconciliation, he had