34.  This victory brought on a peace.  The Carthaginians, by Hannibal’s advice, submitted to the conditions which the Romans dictated, not as rivals, but as sovereigns. 35.  By this treaty the Carthaginians were obliged to quit Spain, and all the islands in the Mediterranean.  They were bound to pay ten thousand talents in fifty years; to give hostages for the delivery of their ships and their elephants; to restore to Massanis’sa all the territories that had been taken from him; and not to make war in Africa but by the permission of the Romans.  Thus ended the second Punic war, seventeen years after it had begun.

Questions for Examination.

1.  By what measure did the senate attempt to retrieve this disaster?

2.  Did Varro venture to return, and what was his reception?

3.  Who were appointed to carry on the war?

4.  What was Hannibal’s next step?

5.  What was the character of this city?

6.  What was the consequence to the Carthaginian army?

7.  Was Hannibal uniformly successful?

8.  What was his first reverse?

9.  What happened to him afterwards?

10.  What resolution did the senate of Carthage adopt?

11.  Did he effect a junction with his brother?

12.  Was Hannibal apprised of these intended succours?

13.  What inference did Hannibal draw from this?

14.  Were the Romans successful in other parts?

15.  What was the fate of its inhabitants?

16.  Was his loss deplored?

17.  What was the success of the Romans in Spain?

18.  What was the character of Scipio?

19.  What rendered him particularly eligible for this command?

20.  Were his exploits confined to Spain?

21.  Had he any formidable opposition to encounter?

22.  What was the conduct of Scipio?

23.  What measures did the Carthaginians have recourse to on this occasion?

24.  Was Hannibal pleased at his recall?

25.  Whither did he repair on his arrival in Africa?

26.  What was the conduct of Scipio?

27.  Was Hannibal desirous of continuing hostilities?

28.  What was the result?

29.  Was the battle of consequence?

30.  How did it commence?

31.  What followed?

32.  What completed the defeat of the Carthaginians?

33.  What became of Hannibal?

34.  What was the result of the victory?

35.  What were the conditions of the treaty?

FOOTNOTES: 

[1] The first was in the reign of Numa.

[2] Hannibal has been blamed for not having marched to Rome immediately after this victory; but his army was by no means adequate to the siege of the city; and the allies of the Romans would have been able to curtail his quarters and intercept his convoys.  He was, besides, badly provided with provisions and the munitions of war, both of which he could procure by invading Campania, the course which he actually pursued.