Messrs. Rigge and Co., of London, use it extensively for scenting soap.

LEBANON CEDAR WOOD. (For the Handkerchief.)

Otto of cedar, 1 oz. 
Rectified spirit, 1 pint. 
Esprit rose trip, 1/4 pint.

The tincture smells agreeably of the wood, from which it can readily be made.  Its crimson color, however, prohibits it from being used for the handkerchief.  It forms an excellent tincture for the teeth, and is the basis of the celebrated French dentifrice “eau Botot.”

CEDRAT.—­This perfume is procured from the rind of the citron fruit (Citrus medica), both by distillation and expression; it has a very beautiful lemony odor, and is much admired.  It is principally used in the manufacture of essences for the handkerchief, being too expensive for perfuming grease or soap.  What is called extract of cedrat is made by dissolving two ounces of the above essential oil of citron in one pint of spirits, to which some perfumers add half an ounce of bergamot.

CINNAMON.—­Several species of the plant Laurus cinnamomum yield the cinnamon and cassia of commerce.  Its name is said to be derived from China Amomum, the bark being one of the most valued spices of the East.  Perfumers use both the bark and the oil, which is obtained by distillation from it.  The ground bark enters into the composition of some pastilles, tooth powders, and sachets.  The essential oil of cinnamon is principally brought to this country from Ceylon; it is exceedingly powerful, and must be used sparingly.  In such compounds as cloves answer, so will cinnamon.

CITRON.—­On distilling the flowers of the Citrus medica, a very fragrant oil is procured, which is a species of neroli, and is principally consumed by the manufacturers of eau de Cologne.

CITRONELLA.—­Under this name there is an oil in the market, chiefly derived from Ceylon and the East Indies; its true origin we are unable to decide; in odor it somewhat resembles citron fruit, but is very inferior.  Probably it is procured from one of the grasses of the Andropogon genus.  Being cheap, it is extensively used for perfuming soap.  What is now extensively sold as “honey” soap, is a fine yellow soap slightly perfumed with this oil.  Some few use it for scenting grease, but it is not much admired in that way.

CLOVES.—­Every part of the clove plant (Caryophyllus aromaticus) abounds with aromatic oil, but it is most fragrant and plentiful in the unexpanded flower-bud, which are the cloves of commerce.  Cloves have been brought into the European market for more than 2000 years.  The plant is a native of the Moluccas and other islands in the China seas.  “The average annual crop of cloves,” says Burnett, “is, from each tree, 2 or 2-1/2 lbs., but a fine tree has been known to yield 125 lbs. of this spice in a single season, and as 5000 cloves only weigh one pound, there must have been at least 625,000 flowers upon this single tree.”