[Footnote 1:  10 per cent. of the number, but not of the mileage,
  of the whole; for most of this class run short journeys.]

He next explains that by “running average” is meant:  The average speed per hour while actually in motion from platform to platform, i.e., the average speed obtained by deducting stoppages.  Thus the 9-hour (up) Great Northern “Scotchman” stops 49 minutes on its journey from Edinburgh to King’s Cross, and occupies 8 hours 11 minutes in actual motion; its “running average” is therefore 48 miles an hour, or, briefly, “r.a.=48.”  The statement for this train will thus appear:  Distance in miles between Edinburgh and King’s Cross, 3921/2; time, 9 h. 0 m.; journey-speed, 43.6; minutes stopped, 49; running average, 48.

Mr. Foxwell then proceeds to describe in detail the performances of the express trains of the leading English and Scottish railways—­in Ireland there are no trains which come under his definition of “express”—­giving the times of journey, the journey-speeds, minutes stopped on way, and running averages, with the gradients and other circumstances bearing on these performances.  He sums up the results for the United Kingdom, omitting fractions, as follows: 

=======================================================

==================
Extent of|                   |           | Average  |         |         |
System   |                   | Distinct  | Journey- | Running | Express |
in Miles.|                   | Expresses.|  speed.  | Average.| Mileage.|
---------+-------------------+-----------+----------+-------

--+---------+
1773   | North-Western     |   {54} 82 |    40    |    43   |  10,400 |
|                   |   {28}    |          |         |         |
1260   | Midland           |    66     |    41    |    45   |   8,860 |
928   | Great Northern    |   {48} 67 |    43    |    46   |   6,780 |
|                   |   {19}    |          |         |         |
907   | Great Eastern     |    34     |    41    |    43   |   3,040 |
2267   | Great Western     |    18     |    42    |    46   |   2,600 |
1519   | North-Eastern     |    19     |    40    |    43   |   2,110 |
290   | Manch., Sheffield,|    49     |    43    |    44   |   2,318 |
|   and Lincoln     |           |          |         |         |
767   | Caledonian        |    16     |    40    |    42   |   1,155 |
435   | Brighton          |    13     |    41    |    41   |   1,155 |
382   | South-Eastern     |    12     |    41    |    41   |     940 |
329   | Glasgow and       |     8     |    41    |    43   |     920 |
|   South-Western   |           |          |         |         |
796   | London and        |     3     |    41    |    44   |     890 |
|   South-Western   |           |          |         |         |
984   | North British     |    11     |    39    |    41   |     830 |
153   | Chatham and Dover |     9     |    42    |    43   |     690 |
+-----------+----------+---------+---------+
|   407     |    41    |    44   |  42,683 |
=========================================================================

A total of 407 express trains, whose average journey-speed is 41.6, and which run 42,680 miles at an average “running average” of 44.3 miles per hour.