As far as this place and Thermopylae, the army had suffered no loss, and the numbers were at that time, as I find by calculations, of the following amount:  of those in ships from Asia, amounting to one thousand two hundred and seven, originally the whole number of the several nations was two hundred forty-one thousand four hundred men, allowing two hundred to each ship; and on these ships thirty Persians, Medes, and Sacae served as marines, in addition to the native crews of each; this farther number amounts to thirty-six thousand two hundred and ten.  To this and the former number I add those that were on the penteconters[51] supposing eighty men on the average to be on board of each.  Three thousand of these vessels were assembled; therefore the men on board them must have been two hundred and forty thousand.  This, then, was the naval force from Asia, the total being five hundred and seventeen thousand six hundred and ten.  Of infantry there were seventeen hundred thousand, and of cavalry eighty thousand; to these I add the Arabians who drove camels, and the Libyans who drove chariots, reckoning the number at twenty thousand men.  Accordingly, the numbers on board the ships and on the land, added together, make up two millions three hundred and seventeen thousand six hundred and ten.  This, then, is the force which, as has been mentioned, was assembled from Asia itself, exclusive of the servants that followed, and the provision ships, and the men that were on board them.

[Footnote 51:  Fifty-oared ships.]

But the force brought from Europe must still be added to this whole number that has been summed up; but it is necessary to speak by guess.  Now the Grecians from Thrace, and the islands contiguous to Thrace, furnished one hundred and twenty ships; these ships give an amount of twenty-four thousand men.  Of land-forces, which were furnished by Thracians, Paeonians, the Eordi, the Bottiaeans, the Chalcidian race, Brygi, Pierians, Macedonians, Perrhaebi, AEnianes, Dolopians, Magnesians, and Achaeans, together with those who inhabit the maritime parts of Thrace—­of these nations I suppose that there were three hundred thousand men, so that these myriads, added to those from Asia, make a total of two millions six hundred and forty one thousand six hundred and ten fighting men!

I think that the servants who followed them, and with those on board the provision ships and other vessels that sailed with the fleet, were not fewer than the fighting men, but more numerous; but supposing them to be equal in number to the fighting men, they make up the former number of myriads.[52] Thus Xerxes, son of Darius, led five millions two hundred and eighty-three thousand two hundred and twenty men to Sepias and Thermopylae!

[Footnote 52:  In Greek numeration, ten thousand.]