[Footnote 101:  Clarendon’s Life, vol. ii. p. 160.]

[Footnote 102:  The Diary of William Raikes, Esq., has only recently been published:  it relates to the first half of the present century, and proves that the race of diarists are not extinct among ourselves.]

[Footnote 103:  Ashmole noted every trifle, even to the paring of his nails; and being as believer in astrology, and a student in the occult sciences, occasionally mentions his own superstitious observances.  Thus, April 11, 1681, he notes—­“I took, early in the morning, a good dose of elixir, and hung three spiders about my neck, and they drove my ague away.  Deo Gratias!”]

[Footnote 104:  This diary has been published since the above was written.]

[Footnote 105:  It is a thin book, simply lapped in parchment, and filled with brief memorandums written in a remarkably neat and minute hand.]

[Footnote 106:  This has also been published in a handsome quarto volume since the above was written.  Roberta’s collection of Anglo-Gallic coins are now in the British Museum.]

[Footnote 107:  Sir Thomas Crew’s Collection of the Proceedings of the Parliament, 1628, p. 71.]

[Footnote 108:  The consequence of this prohibition was, that our own men of learning were at a loss to know what arms the enemies of England, and of her religion, were fabricating against us.  This knowledge was absolutely necessary, as appears by a curious fact in Strype’s Life of Whitgift.  A license for the importation of foreign books was granted to an Italian merchant, with orders to collect abroad this sort of libels; but he was to deposit them with the archbishop and the privy council.  A few, no doubt, were obtained by the curious, Catholic or Protestant.—­Strype’s “Life of Whitgift,” p. 268.]

[Footnote 109:  The author, with his publisher, who had their right hands cut off, was John Stubbs of Lincoln’s Inn, a hot-headed Puritan, whose sister was married to Thomas Cartwright, the head of that faction.  This execution took place upon a scaffold, in the market-place at Westminster.  After Stubbs had his right hand cut off, with his left he pulled off his hat, and cried with a loud voice, “God save the Queen!” the multitude standing deeply silent, either out of horror at this new and unwonted kind of punishment, or else out of commiseration of the undaunted man, whose character was unblemished.  Camden, a witness to this transaction, has related it.  The author, and the printer, and the publisher were condemned to this barbarous punishment, on an act of Philip and Mary, against the authors and publishers of seditious writings.  Some lawyers were honest enough to assert that the sentence was erroneous, for that act was only a temporary one, and died with Queen Mary; but, of these honest lawyers, one was sent to the Tower, and another was so sharply reprimanded, that he resigned his place as a judge in the Common Pleas.  Other lawyers, as the lord chief justice, who fawned on the prerogative far more then than afterwards in the Stuart reigns, asserted that Queen Mary was a king; and that an act made by any king, unless repealed, must always exist, because the King of England never dies!]