[Illustration:  Fig. 113.]

LESSON XVI

THIRD SPECIES (Continued)

EXERCISES

To the cantus firmus write third species in one part, as previously directed.

Write one eight-measure phrase, mixing first and third species; also one mixing first, second and third. [Fig. 114.]

Write one eight-measure phrase, using third species in all parts. [Fig. 110_c_.]

[Illustration:  Fig. 114.]

CANTUS FIRMUS

[Illustration:  Fig. 115.]

LESSON XVII

FOURTH SPECIES

[Illustration:  Fig. 116.]

When the syncopation is a suspension or retardation, it is treated the same as in harmony.

The retardation should always be prepared by the leading-tone.

When the syncopated note belongs to the harmony of the measure, it may be left by a skip or stepwise progression. [Fig. 117.]

[Illustration:  Fig. 117.]

The third may be omitted on the strong beat in this species, provided the part having fourth species skips to the missing third, as at Fig. 117_a_.

Consecutive fifths, but not octaves, are saved by the suspension.  Whenever they occur, do not use the note of resolution as preparation of a suspension, or tie it into the next measure (a), since it is really the passing seventh, and that does not lend itself well to either of the above, except in sequence as at b. [Fig. 118.]

[Illustration:  Fig. 118.]

The seventh or ninth of a chord, except the major seventh, may be used as preparation of a suspension when approached by a skip in an upward direction, as in Fig. 119.

[Illustration:  Fig. 119.]

This species may also be written in triple rhythm. [Fig. 120.]

[Illustration:  Fig. 120.]

The cadences in Fig. 121 are good, as well as those of the second species.

[Illustration:  Fig. 121.]

EXERCISES

To cantus firmus a write fourth species in one part.  Write three settings, as usual.

To cantus firmus b write fourth species in one part in triple rhythm. 
Write three settings, as above.

To cantus firmus b write second species in one part and third in the other. [Fig. 122.]

[Illustration:  Fig. 122.]

CANTI FIRMI

[Illustration:  Fig. 123.]

LESSON XVIII

FOURTH SPECIES (Continued)

EXERCISES

Write two eight-measure phrases, using the fourth species mixed in all parts. [Fig. 124_a_.]