[Illustration:  Fig. 73.]

The leading-tone may be doubled as in Fig. 74.  Here the leading-tone that is prepared skips to some other chord-tone, while the new leading-tone remains stationary.

[Illustration:  Fig. 74.]

The minor or diminished seventh, major or minor ninth, may be used as preparation of a suspension in either part, provided it is approached by a skip in an upward direction, and is consonant with the other part, or is one of the permitted dissonances. [Fig. 75.]

[Illustration:  Fig. 75.]

The fourth species may be combined with the second or third species, and two or three notes syncopated may be written in one part with six in the other. [Fig. 76.]

[Illustration:  Fig. 76.]

EXERCISES

To the cantus firmus write one counterpoint above and one below, in the fourth species.

Write one eight-measure phrase each, of the following combinations:  The fourth species with the second; the fourth with the third; two notes syncopated against six notes; and three notes syncopated against six notes.  Write some in major and some in minor. [Fig. 76.]

CANTUS FIRMUS

[Illustration:  Fig. 77.]

LESSON IX

FIFTH SPECIES:  FLORID COUNTERPOINT

[Illustration:  Fig. 78.]

Florid counterpoint is a mixture of the second, third and fourth species.

In addition to these species eighth-notes may be used in groups of two on the second and fourth quarters of the measure.  Both notes should be approached and left stepwise, with the exception that the first may be taken by a skip. [Fig. 79.]

[Illustration:  Fig. 79.]

Not more than one and one-half measures of any one species should be used continuously in one part. [Fig. 80.]

[Illustration:  Fig. 80.]

In the use of quarter-notes it is necessary to exercise care.  They may be used on the first half when preceded by quarter-notes, when the entire measure is filled, or when they precede a half-note which is the preparation of a suspension.  On the second half they are always good. [Fig. 81.]

[Illustration:  Fig. 81.]

For the present the suspension should not be less than a half-note or its rhythmic equivalent in the ornamental resolution.

In this species the suspension may resolve ornamentally, that is, it may have some note or notes interpolated between the suspension and its resolution.  The relative position of the suspension and its resolution must remain the same as in the regular resolution. [Fig. 82.]

When the suspension is left by a leap, the note skipped to should be consonant with the other part (b).  When eighth-notes are used, as at a, they must be approached and left stepwise.