never put up a white flag till they wished to surrender.  The vanity that strives to cover over these facts is unworthy of men.  The only excuse for the imprudent conduct of the expedition is that they were deceived, not by the Romans here, but by the priests of Gaeta, leading them to expect action in their favor within the walls.  These priests themselves were deluded by their hopes and old habits of mind.  The troops did not fight well, and General Oudinot abandoned his wounded without proper care.  All this says nothing against French valor, proved by ages of glory, beyond the doubt of their worst foes.  They were demoralized because they fought in so bad a cause, and there was no sincere ardor or clear hope in any breast.

But to return to the hospitals:  these were put in order, and have been kept so, by the Princess Belgioioso.  The princess was born of one of the noblest families of the Milanese, a descendant of the great Trivalzio, and inherited a large fortune.  Very early she compromised it in liberal movements, and, on their failure, was obliged to fly to Paris, where for a time she maintained herself by writing, and I think by painting also.  A princess so placed naturally excited great interest, and she drew around her a little court of celebrated men.  After recovering her fortune, she still lived in Paris, distinguished for her talents and munificence, both toward literary men and her exiled countrymen.  Later, on her estate, called Locate, between Pavia and Milan, she had made experiments in the Socialist direction with fine judgment and success.  Association for education, for labor, for transaction of household affairs, had been carried on for several years; she had spared no devotion of time and money to this object, loved, and was much beloved by, those objects of her care, and said she hoped to die there.  All is now despoiled and broken up, though it may be hoped that some seeds of peaceful reform have been sown which will spring to light when least expected.  The princess returned to Italy in 1847-8, full of hope in Pius IX and Charles Albert.  She showed her usual energy and truly princely heart, sustaining, at her own expense, a company of soldiers and a journal up to the last sad betrayal of Milan, August 6th.  These days undeceived all the people, but few of the noblesse; she was one of the few with mind strong enough to understand the lesson, and is now warmly interested in the republican movement.  From Milan she went to France, but, finding it impossible to effect anything serious there in behalf of Italy, returned, and has been in Rome about two months.  Since leaving Milan she receives no income, her possessions being in the grasp of Radetzky, and cannot know when, if ever, she will again.  But as she worked so largely and well with money, so can she without.  She published an invitation to the Roman women to make lint and bandages, and offer their services to the wounded; she put the hospitals in order; in the central one, Trinita de Pellegrini,