our pens free; leave free the circulation of ideas in what regards this point, vital for us, of the national unity.  Treat the Austrian government, even when it no longer menaces your territory, with the reserve of one who knows that it governs by usurpation in Italy and elsewhere; combat it with words of a just man, wherever it contrives oppressions and violations of the rights of others out of Italy.  Require, in the name of the God of Peace, the Jesuits allied with Austria in Switzerland to withdraw from that country, where their presence prepares an inevitable and speedy effusion of the blood of the citizens.  Give a word of sympathy which shall become public to the first Pole of Galicia who comes into your presence.  Show us, in fine, by some fact, that you intend not only to improve the physical condition of your own few subjects, but that you embrace in your love the twenty-four millions of Italians, your brothers; that you believe them called by God to unite in family unity under one and the same compact; that you would bless the national banner, wherever it should be raised by pure and incontaminate hands; and leave the rest to us.  We will cause to rise around you a nation over whose free and popular development you, living, shall preside.  We will found a government unique in Europe, which shall destroy the absurd divorce between spiritual and temporal power, and in which you shall be chosen to represent the principle of which the men chosen by the nation will make the application.  We shall know how to translate into a potent fact the instinct which palpitates through all Italy.  We will excite for you active support among the nations of Europe; we will find you friends even in the ranks of Austria; we alone, because we alone have unity of design, believe in the truth of our principle, and have never betrayed it.  Do not fear excesses from the people once entered upon this way; the people only commit excesses when left to their own impulses without any guide whom they respect.  Do not pause before the idea of becoming a cause of war.  War exists, everywhere, open or latent, but near breaking out, inevitable; nor can human power prevent it.  Nor do I, it must be said frankly, Most Holy Father, address to you these words because I doubt in the least of our destiny, or because I believe you the sole, the indispensable means of the enterprise.  The unity of Italy is a work of God,—­a part of the design of Providence and of all, even of those who show themselves most satisfied with local improvements, and who, less sincere than I, wish to make them means of attaining their own aims.  It will be fulfilled, with you or without you.  But I address you, because I believe you worthy to take the initiative in a work so vast; because your putting yourself at the head of it would much abridge the road and diminish the dangers, the injury, the blood; because with you the conflict would assume a religious aspect, and be freed from many dangers of reaction and civil errors; because