The principal scores in football are the “touchdown” and the “field goal.”  In a touchdown the ball is carried by one of the players and touched on the ground behind the opponents’ goal line.  In a field goal, or, as it is often called, “a goal from the field,” the ball is kicked over the crossbar between the goal posts.  In a field goal the player executing it must not kick the ball until after it has touched the ground.  Such a kick is called a “drop kick” as distinguished from a “punt” where the ball is released from the hands and immediately kicked before touching the ground.  A team in possession of the ball is allowed a certain number of attempts to advance it the required distance.  Each of these attempts is called a “down.”  If they fail to gain the necessary distance, the ball goes to their opponents.  It is customary on the last attempt, or down, to kick the ball so that when the opposing team obtains possession of it it will be as far as possible from the goal line toward which they are rushing.  In this play a “punt” is allowed.  There are also other scores.  A safety is made when a team is forced to touch the ball down behind its own goal line.

The ball used in American football is a long oval case made of leather and inflated by means of a rubber bag or envelope.  The football player’s uniform consists of a heavily padded pair of trousers made of canvas, moleskin, khaki or other material, a jacket made of the same material, a tight-fitting jersey with elbow and shoulder pads, heavy stockings, and cleated shoes.  Players will often use other pads, braces and guards to protect them from injury.  Football is usually played in the fall months after baseball has been discontinued on account of the cold weather.  A full game consists of four fifteen-minute periods.

GARDEN HOCKEY

This game is played between two parallel straight lines, 3 feet 6 inches apart and marked on the lawn with two strips of tape.  At the opposite two ends of the tape are two goal posts 14 inches apart with a crossbar.  The length of the tapes should be 36 feet when two or four players engage in the game, and may be extended for a greater number.  The game is played with balls and hockey sticks.  The game is started by placing the ball in the centre of the field.  The two captains then face each other and at a signal strike off.  If the ball is driven outside the tape boundaries it must be returned to the centre of the field opposite the place where it crossed the line.  The object of the game is to score a goal through your opponents’ goal posts as in ice hockey.  If a player steps over the tape into the playing space he commits a foul.  The penalty for a foul is a free hit for his opponents.

GOLF