The destruction of the Pequots as a nation was complete.  All the captive men, women, and children were made slaves, some being kept in New England and others sent to the West Indies,[13] and there remained at large in Connecticut not over two hundred Pequots.  September 21, 1638, a treaty was negotiated between the Connecticut delegates and the Narragansetts and Mohegans, by the terms of which the Pequot country became the property of the Connecticut towns, while one hundred Pequots were given to Uncas, and one hundred to Miantonomoh and Ninigret, his ally, to be incorporated with their tribes.[14]

So far as the whites of Connecticut were concerned the effect of the war was to remove all real danger from Indians for a period of forty years.  Not till the Indians became trained in the use of fire-arms were they again matched against the whites on anything like equal terms.  Among the Indian tribes, the result of the Pequot War was to elevate Uncas and his Mohegans into a position of rivals of Miantonomoh, and his Narragansetts, with the result of the overthrow and death of Miantonomoh.  In the subsequent years war broke out several times, but by the intervention of the federal commissioners, who bolstered up Uncas, hostilities did not proceed.

On the conclusion of the Pequot War the freemen of the three towns upon the Connecticut convened at Hartford, January 14, 1639, and adopted “the Fundamental Orders,” a constitution which has been justly pronounced the first written constitution framed by a community, through its own representatives, as a basis for government.  This constitution contained no recognition whatever of any superior authority in England, and provided[15] that the freemen were to hold two general meetings a year, at one of which they were to elect the governor and assistants, who, with four deputies from each town, were to constitute a general court “to make laws or repeal them, to grant levies, to admit freemen, to dispose of lands undisposed of to several towns or persons, call the court or magistrate or any other person whatsoever into question for any misdemeanor, and to deal in any other matter that concerned the good of the commonwealth, except election of magistrates,” which was “to be done by the whole body of freemen.”

Till 1645 the deputies voted with the magistrates, but in that year the general court was divided into two branches as in Massachusetts.  In one particular the constitution was more liberal than the unwritten constitution of Massachusetts:  church-membership was not required as a condition of the suffrage, and yet in the administration of the government the theocracy was all-powerful.  The settlers of Connecticut were Puritans of the strictest sect, and in the preamble of their constitution they avowed their purpose “to maintain and preserve the liberty and purity of the gospel of our Lord Jesus, which we now profess, as also the discipline of the churches, which, according to the truth of the said gospel, is now practised among us.”  In 1656 the law of Connecticut required the applicant for the franchise to be of “a peaceable and honest conversation,” and this was very apt to mean a church-member in practice.