“He has said—­” replied the leaders, “that Bulgaria would march with Germany and attack Serbia.”

The King made a vague gesture, and then said:  “Oh, I did not know.”

This incident throws a strong light upon the conflict which was going on in the Balkan states, between those Kings who were of German origin, and who believed in the German power, and their people who loved Russia.  King Ferdinand got his warning.  He did not listen, and he lost his throne.  All this, however, took place before the Bulgarian declaration of war.  Yet much had already shown what King Ferdinand was about to do.  The Allies, to be sure, were incredulous, and were doing their best to cultivate the good will of the treacherous King, On September 23rd the official order was given for Bulgaria’s mobilization.  She, however, officially declared that her position was that of armed neutrality and that she had no aggressive intentions.  As it has developed, she was acting under the direction of the German High Command.

It was at this period that Germany had failed to crash Russia in the struggle on the Vilna, and, in accordance with her usual strategy when one plan failed, another was undertaken.  It seemed to her, therefore, that the punishment of Serbia would make up for other failures, and moreover would enable her to assist Turkey, which needed munitions, besides releasing for Germany supplies of food and other material which might come from Turkey.

They therefore entrusted an expedition against Serbia to Field Marshal von Mackensen, and had begun to gather an army for that purpose, north of the Danube.

This army of course was mainly composed of Austrian troops, but was stiffened throughout by some of the best regiments from the German army.  To assist this new army they counted upon Bulgaria, with whom they had already a secret treaty, and in spite of the falsehoods issued from Sofia, the Bulgarian mobilization was meant for an attack on Serbia.  The condition of affairs was well understood in Russia.

On October 2, 1915, M. Sazonov, Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs, issued the following statement:  “The situation in the Balkans is very grave.  The whole Russian nation is aroused by the unthinkable treachery of Ferdinand and his Government to the Slavic cause.  Bulgaria owes her independence to Russia, and yet seems willing now to become a vassal of Russia’s enemies.  In her attitude towards Serbia, when Serbia is fighting for her very existence, Bulgaria puts herself in the class with Turkey.  We do not believe that the Bulgarian people sympathize with the action of their ruler therefore, the Allies are disposed to give them time for reflection.  If they persist in their present treacherous course they must answer to Russia.”  The next day the following ultimatum from Russia was handed the Bulgarian Prime Minister: