by constant change.  Stamps of various countries in black and white reproductions and very small outline pictures on squares of the same size as the stamps were taken as material.  The figures were so small in relation to the board that any influence on composition of the lines composing them was impossible; the outline pictures, indeed, gave to the eye which abstracted from their content an impression scarcely stronger than the neighboring blank square.

The first set of experiments (VI.) had a small outline picture on the side, and on the other a white paper square of the same size.  The necessary interest was given in the form of novelty by changing the picture for every choice.  The subjects were M, G and D.  The results were of the same type for each subject and could therefore be averaged.

Exp.  VI. (1).

(a) F. Picture, V. Blank.  Eight choices for each. M, Average:  V. 17 mm. farther from center. G, Average:  V. 10 mm. farther from center. (Symmetrical position beyond F. 120.) D, Average:  V. 25.8 mm. farther from center.

(b) F. Blank, V. Picture. M, Average:  V. 33 mm. nearer center. G, Average:  V. 4 mm. nearer center. (Symmetrical beyond F. 120.) D, Average:  V. 30 mm. nearer center. (But V. farther at F. 40.)

These results are practically unanimous.  They show that an object which possesses intrinsic interest acts like a mechanically heavy object, being placed nearer the center than a blank.  Two marked deviations from the mechanical choice occur—­although they have not affected the average sufficiently to destroy the general harmony of results. G, in both (a) and (b), chooses symmetrical positions from F. 120 on.  His notes [’(a) F. 140, V. 136, picture unimportant’; ‘(b) F. 120 and ff., loses relation as they separate’; ‘(b) F. 160, picture makes no impression’] show clearly that for positions wide apart the picture, already a faint outline, becomes only a white square like the other and is put into geometrical symmetry.

Exp.  VI. (2), by G and D.  A stamp on one side unchanged, took the place of the blank; on the other side the stamp was changed for each choice.

    (a) F. unchanged stamp; V. changed stamp.

    D.  Two series, (1) V. always nearer center. (2) Same, except
    F. 20, V. 52; F. 80, V. 94; F. 140, V. 152; F. 160, V. 175.

    G.  Two series. (1) V. much farther from center up to F. 140,
    then nearer. (2) V. farther throughout, except F. 160, V. 121.

    (b) F. changed stamp; V. unchanged stamp.

    D.  Two series. (1) V. farther up to F. 100, then
    symmetrical. (2) V. farther up to F. 100, then symmetrical or
    nearer center.