and the effect of the curvature in general is evidently to make its side ‘lighter’ when turned toward the center, and ‘heavier’ when turned away.  Thus, all but the exceptions already noted seem to belong to the mechanically balanced arrangement, in which the suggestion of force working in the direction of the curve has the same effect as, in Exp.  IV., the direction of the line.  The exceptions noted, especially numerous choices of O, seem governed by some fixed law.  The evidence would seem to be overwhelming that the reversals of the mechanical balance occur only where the lines would be crowded together in the center or would leave an empty gap there.  The remaining exceptions—­the symmetrical choices mentioned, made by C—­are explained by him as follows.  He says there are two ways of regarding the curve, (1) as a striving in the direction of the ‘bulge,’ and (2) as the expression of a power that presses together; and that the usual choices are the result of the first point of view, the symmetrical choices of the second.  Naturally, a pressure bending down the line would be conceived as working in a vertical direction, and the line would be treated as another (80x10)—­giving, as is the case, symmetrical positions.  Thus, we may consider the principle of the suggestion of movement by a curve, as giving the same effect as if the movement suggested had actually taken place, to have been established, the positive evidence being strong, and the exceptions accounted for.  It is worth noting that the curve-out series are always more irregular—­the subject repeating that it is always harder to choose for that position.  Probably the demands of space-filling come into sharper conflict with the tendency to mechanical balance, which for the outward curve would always widely separate the two lines.

Exp.  V. Curve III.  See Fig. 12, III.

A series with the upper end turned out from the center was unanimously pronounced as ugly.  The inward position only appears in the results, which are given in full.

(a) F. (80x10), V. CURVE.

F.                V.
O.               C.

40     106 126       68  73
80     106 128      109 102
120     140  88      156 110* 154   72*
160     104  66      182  80  136* 130*
200       X  52      178 220* 162

(b) F. CURVE, V. (80x10)

F.                V.
O.              C.

40     126 122        73  80
80     122 128        66 112* 40
120      90 116        97 156* 55 105
160      65  43       120 182* 87 134
200      70  50       148  66

This curve exemplifies the same principles as the preceding. O takes the natural mechanical choice from (a) F. 40 to F. 120, and from (b) F. 120 to F. 200.  A mechanical choice, however, for (a) F. 120 ff., and for (b) F. 40 to F. 120, would have brought the lines too far apart in (a), and too near together in (b), hence the reversal. C inclines always to the mechanical choice, but recognizes the other point of view in his second choices.