(a) F. (80x10), V. Curve.

    C is absolutely constant in putting V. farther from center
    than F. O, after F. 100, brings it slightly nearer.

    (b) F. Curve, V. (80x10).

C, except for F. 40, invariably puts V. nearer center than F. O moves between 90 and 135, putting V. farther to F. 100, nearly symmetrical at F. 100 and 120, and after F. 120, from 100 to 135.

[Illustration:  FIG. 12]

    Exp.  V. Curve II.  See Fig. 12, II.

    (1) Curve out.

    (a) F. (80x10), V. Curve.

    In every case but one V. is nearer center than F.

    (b) F. Curve, V. (80x10).

    C puts V. farther from center than F. O puts V. farther or
    symmetrical up to F. 120, then nearer than F.

    (2) Curve in.

    (a) F. 80x10, V. Curve.

C has V. always farther from center than F., but a second parallel set, omitting F. 40 (all second choices), of symmetrical positions. O begins with V. farther from center, but from F. 120 has V. always nearer, though gradually receding from the center.

    (b) F. Curve.  V. (80x10).

C, refusing for F. 40, continues his parallel sets, one with V. always nearer than F., another with symmetrical positions. O begins with V. nearer, changes at F. 120, and continues with V. farther.

Recapitulating these results, grouping together the outward and inward positions of the curves, and indicating the distance of the line from the center by C.-L., and of the curve from the center by C.-Cv., we have: 

Out.

Cv.  I. (a) Indeterminate.
        (b) C.-Cv. < C.-L. (except where large gap would be left).

Cv.  II. (a) C.-Cv. < C.-L. (all cases but one).
        (b) C.-Cv. < C.-L. (except where large gap would be left).

In.

Cv.  I. (a) C.-Cv. > C.-L. (except a few cases to avoid gap).
       (b) C.-Cv. > C.-L. (more than half of cases).

Cv.  II. (a) C.-Cv. > C.-L. (except a few cases to avoid gap).
        (b) C.-Cv. > C.-L. (except a few cases to avoid gap).

It is evident that in the great majority of cases when the curve turns out it is placed nearer the center, when it turns in, farther from the center, than the straight line.  The numerical differences for choices of the same type for the two curves are slight, but regular, and the general tendencies are more sharply marked for the line of greater curvature.  When Curve II. is ‘out,’ it is usually nearer the center than Curve I. for the corresponding positions of the straight line; when ‘in’ it is always farther from the center than Curve I. The greater curvature of II. has clearly produced this difference,