EDUCATIVE VALUE OF WORKER MAKING HIS OWN RECORD.—­Under Scientific Management in its most highly developed form, the worker makes his own records on his return cards and hands them in.  The worker thus not only comes to realize, by seeing them and by writing them down, what his records are, but he also realizes his individual position to-day compared to what it was yesterday, and compared to that of his fellows in the same line of work.  Further, he gains accuracy, he gains judgment, he gains a method of attack.  He realizes that, as the managers are more or less recorders, so also he, in recording himself, is vitally connected with the management.  It is, after all, more or less an attitude of mind which he gains by making out these records himself.  It is because of this attitude of mind, and of the value which it is to him, that he is made to make out his own record under the ultimate form of management, even though at times this may involve a sacrifice of the time in which he must do it, and although he may work slower than could a specialist at recording, who perhaps would, in spite of that, be paid less for doing the work.

EXACT KNOWLEDGE VALUABLE.—­We cannot emphasize too often in this connection the far-reaching psychological effect upon the worker of exact knowledge of the comparative efficiency of methods.  The value of this is seldom fully appreciated; for example, we are familiar with the many examples where the worker has been flattered until he believes that he cannot make mistakes or do inefficient work.  This is most often found where the glowing compliments to the manufacturing department, found in the advertising pages of the magazine and in the praises sung in print by the publicity department, oftentimes ends in an individual overconfidence.  This unjustified self-esteem is soon shattered by accurate comparative records.

On the other hand, hazing of the new worker and the sneers of the jealous, accompanied by such trite expressions as—­“You can’t teach an old dog new tricks,” have often destroyed self-confidence in a worker, who, in the absence of accurate records of his efficiency, is trying to judge himself at new methods.  The jibes and jokes at the new man at the new work, and especially at the experienced, efficient man at unfamiliar work cease, or at least are wholly impotent, so far as discouraging the man is concerned, provided the worker sees by the records of a true measuring device, or method, that his work compares favorably with others of the same experience, made under the same conditions.

DEFINITION OF PROGRAMME.—­The word “programme” is defined by the Century Dictionary as “a method of operation or line of procedure prepared or announced beforehand.  An outline or abstract of something to be done or carried out.”

TWO MEANINGS OF “PROGRAMME” IN MANAGEMENT.—­The word “programme” has two meanings in management.

    1. the work, as it comes to the management to be done
    2. the work as it is planned out by the managers, and handed
       over to the worker to be done.