Relationship between the three types of management.—­From the foregoing definitions and descriptions it will be clear that the three types of management are closely related.  Three of the names given bring out this relationship most clearly.  These are Traditional (i.e., Primitive), Interim, and Ultimate.  These show, also, that the relationship is genetic, i.e., that the second form grows out of the first, but passes through to the third.  The growth is evolutional.

Under the first type, or in the first stage of management, the laws or principles underlying right management are usually unknown, hence disregarded.

In the second stage, the laws are known and installed as fast as functional foremen can be taught their new duties and the resistances of human nature can be overcome.[14]

In the third stage the managing is operated in accordance with the recognized laws of management.

Psychological significance of this relationship.—­The importance of the knowledge and of the desire for it can scarcely be overestimated.  This again makes plain the value of the psychological study of management.

Possible psychological studies of management.—­In making this psychological study of management, it would be possible to take up the three types as defined above, separately and in order, and to discuss the place of the mind in each, at length; but such a method would not only result in needless repetition, but also in most difficult comparisons when final results were to be deduced and formulated.

It would, again, be possible to take up the various elements or divisions of psychological study as determined by a consensus of psychologists, and to illustrate each in turn from the three types of management; but the results from any such method would be apt to seem unrelated and impractical, i.e., it would be a lengthy process to get results that would be of immediate, practical use in managing.

Plan of psychological study used here.—­It has, therefore, seemed best to base the discussion that is to follow upon arbitrary divisions of scientific management, that is—­

    1.  To enumerate the underlying principles on which scientific
       management rests.
    2.  To show in how far the other two types of management vary
       from Scientific Management.
    3.  To discuss the psychological aspect of each principle.

Advantages of this plan of study.—­In this way the reader can gain an idea of

    1.  The relation of Scientific Management to the other types
       of management.
    2.  The structure of Scientific Management.
    3.  The relation between the various elements of Scientific
       Management.
    4.  The psychology of management in general, and of the three
       types of management in particular.

Underlying ideas and divisions of scientific management.—­These underlying ideas are grouped under nine divisions, as follows:—­