Professor Faraday says:  “That part of self-education which consists in teaching the mind to resist the desires and inclinations until they are proved to be right is the most important of all.”  How this is shown under Scientific Management will be shown in “Teaching.”  It is sufficient to say here that the method of attack of Scientific Management is to eliminate all possible bodily as well as mental exertion,—­to cut down motions, to cut down even sensations and such mental acts as visualizing.  The object is, not so much to eliminate these motions and these sensations, and this visualizing from the life of the worker, as simply to use up less energy in producing the output.  This allows the worker an extra supply of energy upon which to fall back to produce greater output and to get greater wages.  If his energy is not all utilized in his working hours, then, as will be shown more clearly under “Welfare,” there is that much more left for him to enjoy in his own leisure time.

SUMMARY

RESULT TO THE WORK.—­Under Traditional Management, where standards are not established, the worker is constantly delayed by the necessity for decision of choice, by the lack of knowing what should be chosen, and by a dearth of standard equipment, materials and tools from which to choose.

Under Transitory Management, with the introduction of standards, the elimination of delays and the provision for standard surroundings and supplies of all kinds, comes increased output of the desired quality.

Under Scientific Management, not only is output increased and quality assured, but results of work can be predicted.[13]

RESULTS TO THE WORKER.—­Results from standardization to the worker under Traditional and Transitory Management are the same as, and are included in, results under Scientific Management.

STATE OF WORKER’S FEELINGS IMPROVED.—­Under Scientific Management the state of the employe’s feelings is improved by the standardization.  It is a recognized fact that mental disturbance from such causes as fear of losing his job will sometimes have the same ill effect upon a workman as does overwork, or insufficient rest for overcoming fatigue.  It will occasionally wear upon the nervous system and the digestive organs.  Now Scientific Management by standardization removes from the workman this fear of losing his job, for the worker knows that if he conforms to the standard instructions he certainly will not lose his position unless the business as a whole is unsuccessful.

On the other hand, feelings, such as happiness and contentment, and even hearing rhythmic sounds, music, etc., are an aid toward increasing output.  For the best results, therefore, under Scientific Management the worker is furnished with standard conditions; his train of ideas is held upon the work in hand without interruption, and the working conditions are such that the managers furnish the worker with inducements to conform to the standard conditions happily.