Animals have not the capacity for forming new habits that they have for remembering the sequence of former acts.  They have little ability to adapt themselves to a sequence of motions caused by unexpected conditions, unless those conditions suggest the opportunity of revenge, or the necessity of self-preservation, or immediate welfare.  This is only touched upon here from the man side.

Naturally, the output earning power of a man working with animals depends largely upon the handling of the animal, and the man can never attain his full output, or the managers get what they might expect to get from the man-horse combination, until the psychology of the horse, or mule, or elephant, or whatever animal is used, is also studied and combined with the other studies on Scientific Management.

An example of the benefits of standardized work with animals:—­The standard fire signals in the Fire House cause such perfect horse action that fire horses always have a reputation for superior intelligence.

THE WORKER WHO IS BEST SUITED FOR HIS WORK IN THE PERFORMING DEPARTMENT IS INCAPABLE OF DISCOVERING THE BEST METHOD.—­An exaggerated case of the result of leaving the selection of the method to the worker is that of the West Indian negro who carried the wheelbarrow on his head.[12] This well-known example, though it seems impossible and absurd, is no more inefficient than are hundreds of methods in use in the industrial world to-day.

UNDER SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT QUALITY IS STANDARDIZED.—­Scientific Management determines exactly what quality as well as what quantity of work is needed, and the method prescribed is that one not only of lower costs, but which fits the particular need of the particular occasion most accurately.

Workers are kept under pressure for quality, yet the pressure is not irksome, because the worker understands exactly what quality is desired, and what variations from exactness are permitted.

VARIATIONS IN QUALITY OR EXACTNESS INDICATED BY STANDARD SIGNS.—­All dimensions on the drawings of work have either a letter or symbol or plus or minus signs.  There is much to be said about the effect this has on the worker.

    1.  It gives the worker immediate knowledge of the prescribed
       quality demanded.
    2.  He does not have to worry as to the maximum variation that
       he can make without interfering with his bonus.
    3.  There is no fear of criticism or discharge for using his
       own faulty judgment.

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT HAS A STANDARD “METHOD OF ATTACK.”—­We must note next the standard “method of attack” in Scientific Management.  It is recognized that sensations are modified by those that come before, by those that come simultaneously, and by those that follow.  The psychic effect of each and every kind of sensation depends upon what other sensations have been experienced, are being experienced at that time, or will presently be experienced.  The scientific manager realizes this, and provides for the most desirable sequence of sensation; then, having seen, to the best of his ability, that the sensation occurs at the time which he desires it to occur, he provides for concentration upon that one sensation and elimination of all other thoughts or desires.