For example,—­learning to dictate to a dictaphone.  The writer found it very difficult, at first, to dictate into the dictaphone,—­ the whirling of the cylinder distracted the eye, the buzzing of the motor distracted the ear, the rubber tube leading to the mouth-piece was constantly reminding the touch that something new was being attempted.  At the suggestion of one well versed in Scientific Management, the mouth-piece of the dictaphone was propped on the desk telephone on a level with the mouth-piece of the latter.  The writer then found that as soon as one became interested in the dictating and one’s attention was concentrated on the thought, one was able absolutely to forget the new variable, because it is one which is kept constant, and to dictate fluently.  The emphasis laid on the likeness in thus dictating to the old accustomed act of talking through the telephone, seemed to put all other differences into the background, and to allow of forming the new and desired habit very quickly.

SUMMARY

EFFECT OF ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS ON THE WORK.—­As the outcome of Analysis and Synthesis is Standardization, so the effect of them upon work is standard work.  Quantity of output can be predicted, quality of output is assured.

EFFECT ON THE WORKER.—­The effect of Analysis and Synthesis upon the worker is to make him feel that the methods which he is using are right, and that, because of this, his work must be of value.  The more the worker is induced to cooeperate in the determining and the combination of elements, the more will he share with the investigators the satisfaction in getting permanent results.  The outcome of this cooeperation will, again, result in more perfect future results, and so on, progressively.

CHAPTER V FOOTNOTES:  ===============================================

 1.  Compare Mechanical Analysis.  Taylor and Thompson, Concrete,
    Plain and Reinforced, p. 193.
 2.  H. LeChatelier, Discussion of Paper 1119, A.S.M.E., p. 303.
 3.  H.L.  Gantt, Work, Wages and Profits, p. 35.
 4.  F.B.  Gilbreth, Cost Reducing System.
 5.  F.B.  Gilbreth, Bricklaying System, p. 151.
 6.  James M. Dodge, Discussion of Paper 1119, A.S.M.E., para. 284.
 7.  F.B.  Gilbreth, Motion Study.
 8.  James M. Dodge.
 9.  London, Engineering, Sept. 15, 1911.

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CHAPTER VI

STANDARDIZATION

DEFINITION OF STANDARDIZATION.—­Standardization is “the act of standardizing, or the state of being standardized.”  “A standard,” according to the Century Dictionary, “is that which is set up as a unit of reference; a form, type, example, incidence, or combination of conditions accepted as correct and perfect and hence as a basis of comparison.  A criterion established by custom, public opinion or general consent; a model."[1]