THE LONG TIME JOB.—­The long time job allows of teaching, therefore applicants for it may be carefully studied.  Usually that man should be chosen who, with all the natural qualifications and capabilities for the job, except practical skill, requires the most teaching to raise him from the lower plane to that highest mental and manual plane which he is able to fill successfully continuously.  In this way each man will be developed into a worker of great value to the management and to himself.

The man who is capable and already skilled at some work is thus available for a still higher job, for which he can be taught.  Thus the long job affords the greatest opportunity for promotion.  The long job justifies the expenditure of money, effort and time by management and men, and is the ideal field for the application of scientific selection and functionalization.

SUMMARY

EFFECT OF FUNCTIONALIZATION UPON THE WORK.—­Under Traditional Management, there was little or no definite functionalization.  If the quantity of output did increase, as the result of putting a man at that work for which he seemed best fitted, there was seldom provision made for seeing that the quality of product was maintained by a method of constructive inspection that prevented downward deviations from standard quality, instead of condemning large quantities of the finished product.

Under Transitory Management, the Department of Inspection is one of the first Functions installed.  This assures maintained quality, and provides that all increase in output shall be actual gain.

Under Scientific Management, functionalization results in increased quantity of output,[16] with maintained and usually increased quality.[17] This results in decreased cost.  The cost is sufficiently lower to allow of increased wages to the employes, a further profit to the employer, and a maintained, or lowered, selling price.  This means a benefit to the consumer.

It may be objected that costs cannot be lowered, because of the number of so-called “non-producers” provided for by Scientific Management.

In answer to this it may be said that there are no non-producers under Scientific Management.  Corresponding work that, under Scientific Management, is done in the planning department must all be done somewhere, in a less systematic manner, even under Traditional Management.[18] The planning department, simply does this work more efficiently,—­with less waste.  Moreover, much work of the planning department, being founded on elementary units, is available for constant use.  Here results an enormous saving by the conservation and utilization of planning effort.

Also, standard methods are more apt to result in standard quality, and with less occasion for rejecting output that is below the requisite standards than is the case under Traditional Management.

EFFECT OF FUNCTIONALIZATION UPON THE WORKER.—­Under Traditional Management, even if the worker often becomes functionalized, he seldom has assurance that he will be able to reap the harvest from remaining so, and even so, neither data nor teaching are provided to enable him to fulfill his function most successfully.