1.  When, where, how, and how much is individuality
       considered?
    2.  What consideration is given to the relation of the mind to
       the body of the individual?
    3.  What is the relative emphasis on consideration of
       individual and class?
    4.  In how far is the individual the unit?
    5.  What consideration is given to idiosyncrasies?
    6.  What is the effect toward causing or bringing about
       development, that is, broadening, deepening and making
       the individual more progressive?

EXTENT OF CONSIDERATION OF INDIVIDUALITY.—­1.  Under Traditional Management consideration of individuality is seldom present, but those best forms of Traditional Management that are successful are so because it is present.  This is not usually recognized, but investigation shows that the successful manager, or foreman, or boss, or superintendent succeeds either because of his own individuality or because he brings out to good advantage the individual possibilities of his men.  The most successful workers under Traditional Management are those who are allowed to be individuals and to follow out their individual bents of greatest efficiency, instead of being crowded down to become mere members of gangs, with no chance to think, to do, or to be anything but parts of the gang.

Under Transitory Management, and most fully under Scientific Management, the spirit of individuality, far from being crowded out, is a basic principle, and everything possible is done to encourage the desire to be a personality.

RELATION OF MIND TO BODY.—­Under Traditional Management, where men worked in the same employ for a long time, much consideration was given to the relation of the mind to the body.  It was realized that men must not be speeded up beyond what they could do healthfully; they must have good sleeping quarters and good, savory and appetizing food to eat and not be fatigued unnecessarily, if they were to become successful workers.  More than this, philanthropic employers often attempted to supply many kinds of comfort and amusement.

Under Transitory Management the physical and mental welfare are provided for more systematically.

Under Scientific Management consideration of the mind and body of the workman, and his health, and all that that includes, is a subject for scientific study and for scientific administration.  As shown later, it eliminates all discussion and troubles of so-called “welfare work,” because the interests of the employer and the worker become identical and everything that is done becomes the concern of both.

Scientific Management realizes that the condition of the body effects every possible mental process.  It is one of the great advantages of a study of the psychology of management that the subject absolutely demands from the start, and insists in every stage of the work, on this relationship of the body to the mind, and of the surroundings, equipment, etc., of the worker to his work.