Direct
Incentive Under Traditional Management—­Incentives Under
Transitory Management—­Rewards Under Scientific
Management—­Promotion and Pay—­Relation of Wages and
Bonus—­Day Work—­Piece Work—­Task Wage—­Gain
Sharing—­Premium Plan—­Profit Sharing—­Differential Rate
Piece—­Task Work with a Bonus—­Differential Bonus—­Three
Rate—­Three Rate with Increased Rate—­Other
Rewards—­Negative and Positive Punishments—­Fines and
Their Disposal—­Assignment to Less Pleasant
Work—­Discharge and Its Elimination—­Use of Direct
Incentives—­Summary:  (a) Effect of Incentives upon the
Work; (b) Effect of Incentives upon the Worker.

CHAPTER X

Welfare .....................................................    311

  Definition of Welfare—­“Welfare” and “Welfare

Work”—­Welfare Under Traditional Management—­Welfare Work
Under Traditional Management—­Welfare Under Transitory
Management—­Welfare Work Under Transitory
Management—­Welfare Under Scientific Management—­Physical
Improvement—­Mental Development—­Moral
Development—­Interrelation of Physical, Mental and Moral
Development—­Welfare Work Under Scientific
Management—­Summary:  (a) Result of Welfare to the Work;
(b) Result of Welfare to the Worker.

Index .......................................................    333

The psychology of management

CHAPTER I

Description and general outline of

Definition of psychology of management.—­The Psychology of Management, as here used, means,—­the effect of the mind that is directing work upon that work which is directed, and the effect of this undirected and directed work upon the mind of the worker.

Importance of the subject.—­Before defining the terms that will be used more in detail, and outlining the method of treatment to be followed, it is well to consider the importance of the subject matter of this book, for upon the reader’s interest in the subject, and his desire, from the outset, to follow what is said, and to respond to it, rests a large part of the value of this book.

Value of psychology.—­First of all, then, what is there in the subject of psychology to demand the attention of the manager?

Psychology, in the popular phrase, is “the study of the mind.”  It has for years been included in the training of all teachers, and has been one of the first steps for the student of philosophy; but it has not, usually, been included among the studies of the young scientific or engineering student, or of any students in other lines than Philosophy and Education.  This, not because its value as a “culture subject” was not understood, but because the course of the average student is so crowded with technical preparation necessary to his life work, and because