NEED FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY IN ALL FIELDS.—­In both these complementary lines of activity, as in Scientific Management itself, the need for psychological study is evident.[10] Through it, only, can scientific progress come.  Here is emphasized again the importance of measurement.  Through accurate measurement of the mind and the body only can individuality be recognized, conserved and developed as it should be.

PREPAREDNESS OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY.—­Experimental psychology has instruments of precision with which to measure and test the minds and bodies brought to it, and its leading exponents are so broadening the scope of its activities that it is ready and glad to plan for investigations.

METHOD OF SELECTION UNDER ULTIMATE MANAGEMENT.—­Under Ultimate Management, the minds of the workers,—­and of the managers too,—­will have been studied, and the results recorded from earliest childhood.  This record, made by trained investigators, will enable vocational guidance directors to tell the child what he is fitted to be, and thus to help the schools and colleges to know how best to train him, that is to say, to provide what he will need to know to do his life work, and also those cultural studies that his vocational work may lack, and that may be required to build out his best development as an individual.

It is not always recognized that even the student who can afford to postpone his technical training until he has completed a general culture course, requires that his culture course be carefully planned.  Not only must he choose those general courses that will serve as a foundation for his special study, and that will broaden and enrich his study, but also he must be provided with a counter-balance,—­with interests that his special work might never arouse in him.  Thus the field of Scientific Management can be narrowed to determining and preparing standard plans for standard specialized men, and selecting men to fill these places from competent applicants.

What part of the specialized training needed by the special work shall be given in schools and what in the industries themselves can be determined later.  The “twin apprentice” plan offers one solution of the problem that has proved satisfactory in many places.  The psychological study should determine through which agency knowledge can best come at any particular stage of mental growth.

EFFECT ON WORKERS OF SUCH SELECTION.—­As will be shown at greater length under “Incentives,” Scientific Management aims in every way to encourage initiative.  The outline here given as to how men must, ultimately, under Scientific Management, be selected serves to show that, far from being “made machines of,” men are selected to reach that special place where their individuality can be recognized and rewarded to the greatest extent.