As for the regularity of the work—­we have

      (a) The apportionment of the work and the rest.  Under
          Scientific Management, work time and rest time are
          scientifically apportioned.  This means that the man is
          able to come to each task with the same amount of
          strength, and that from his work he gains habits of
          regularity.
      (b) The laying out of the work.  The standards upon which
          the instruction cards are based, and the method of
          preparing them, assure regularity.
      (c) The manner of performing the work.  Every time that
          identical work is done, it is done in an identical
          manner.

The resulting regularity has an excellent effect upon the physical welfare of the worker.

    2.  Habits, under Scientific Management,

      (a) are prescribed by standards.  The various physical
          habits of the man, the motions that are used, having
          all been timed and then standardized, the worker
          acquires physical habits that are fixed.
      (b) are taught;[1] therefore they are not remote but come
          actually and promptly into the consciousness and into
          the action of the worker.
      (c) are retained, because they are standard habits and
          because the rewards which are given for using them make
          it an object to the worker to retain them.
      (d) Are reenforced by individuality and functionalization;
          that is to say, the worker is considered as an
          individual, and his possibilities are studied, before
          he is put into the work; therefore, his own
          individuality and his own particular function naturally
          reenforce those habits which he is taught to form. 
          These habits, being scientifically derived, add to
          physical improvement.

    3.  Physical development

      (a) is fostered through the play element, has been
          scientifically studied, and is utilized as far as
          possible; the same is true of the love of work, which
          is reenforced by the fact that the man has been placed
          where he will have the most love for his work.
      (b) is insured by the love of contest, which is provided
          for not only by contest with others, but by the
          constant contest of the worker with his own previous
          records.  When he does exceed these records he utilizes
          powers which it is for his good physically, as well as
          otherwise, to utilize.

RESULTS OF PHYSICAL IMPROVEMENT.—­This regularity, good habits, and physical development, result in good health, increased strength and a better appearance.  To these three results all scientific managers testify.  An excellent example of this is found in Mr. Gantt’s “Work, Wages and Profits,” where the increased health, the better color and the better general appearance of the workers under Scientific Management is commented on as well as the fact that they are inspired by their habits to dress themselves better and in every way to become of a higher type.[2]