“SQUARE DEAL” LACKING.—­Perhaps the worst lack under Traditional Management is the lack of the “square deal.”  In the first place, even the most efficient worker under this form of management was not sure of his place.  This not only meant worry on his part, which distracted his attention from what he did, but meant a wrong attitude all along the line.  He had absolutely no way of knowing that, even though he did his best, the man over him, in anger, or because of some entirely ulterior thing, might not discharge him, put him in a lower position.  So also the custom of spying, the only sort of inspection recognized under Traditional Management of the most elementary form, led to a feeling on the men’s part that they were being constantly watched on the sly, and to an inability to concentrate.  This brought about an inability to feel really honest, for being constantly under suspicion is enough to poison even one’s own opinion of one’s integrity.  Again, being at the beck and call of a prejudiced foreman who was all-powerful, and having no assured protection from the whims of such a man, the worker was obliged, practically for self-protection, to try to conciliate the foremen by methods of assuming merits that are obvious, on the surface.  He ingratiates himself in the favor of the foreman in that way best adapted to the peculiarities of the character of the foreman, sometimes joining societies, or the church of the foreman, sometimes helping him elect some political candidate or relative; at other times, by the more direct method of buying drinks, or taking up a subscription for presenting the foreman with a gold watch, “in appreciation of his fairness to all;” sometimes by consistently losing at cards or other games of chance.  When it is considered that this same foreman was probably, at the time, enjoying a brutal feeling of power, it is no wonder that no sense of confidence of the “square deal” could develop.  There are countless ways that the brutal enjoyment of power could be exercised by the man in a foreman’s position.  As has already been said, some men prefer promotion to a position of power more than anything else.  Nearly all desire promotion to power for the extra money that it brings, and occasionally, a man will be found who loves the power, although unconsciously, for the pleasure he obtains in lording over other human beings.  This quality is present more or less in all human beings.  It is particularly strong in the savage, who likes to torture captured human beings and animals, and perhaps the greatest test for high qualifications of character and gentleness is that of having power over other human beings without unnecessarily accenting the difference in the situation.  Under Military Management, there is practically no limit to this power, the management being satisfied if the foreman gets the work out of the men, and the men having practically no one to appeal to, and being obliged to receive their punishment always from the hands of a prejudiced party.