2.  Outside the work.  He has, under Scientific Management, more hours away from work to enjoy ownership, and more money with which to acquire those things that he desires to own.

The teacher must make clear to him both these opportunities, as he readily can, since the instinct of ownership is conserved in him in an identical manner.

CONSTRUCTIVENESS A PART OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT.—­Every act that the worker performs is constructive, because waste has been eliminated, and everything that is done is upbuilding.  Teaching makes this clear to the worker.  Constructiveness is also utilized in that exercise of initiative is provided for.  Thus the instinct, instead of being weakened, is strengthened and directed.

PROGRESS IN UTILIZING INSTINCTS DEMANDS PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY.—­Teaching under Scientific Management can never hope fully to understand and utilize native reactions, until more assistance has been given by psychology.  At the present time, Scientific Management labors under disadvantages that must, ultimately, be removed.  Psychologists must, by experiments, determine more accurately the reactions and their controlability.  More thorough study must be made of children that Scientific Management may understand more of the nature of the reactions of the young workers who come for industrial training.  Psychology must give its help in this training.  Then only, can teaching under Scientific Management become truly efficient.

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT REALIZES THE IMPORTANCE OF TRAINING THE WILL.—­The most necessary, and most complex and difficult part of Scientific Management, is the training of the will of all members of the organization.  Prof.  Read states in his “Psychology” five means of training or influencing the will.  These are[59]

   “1.  The first important feature in training the will is the
       help furnished by supplying the mind with a useful body
       of ideas.
   “2.  The second great feature of the training of the will is
       the building up in the mind of the proper interests, and the
       habit of giving the attention to useful and worthy purposes.
   “3.  Another important feature of the training of the will is
       the establishing of a firm association between ideas and actions,
       or, in other words, the forming of a good set of habits.
   “4.  Another very important feature of the training of the
       will has reference to its strength of purpose or power of
       imitation.
   “5.  The matter of discipline.”

Teaching under Scientific Management does supply these five functions, and thus provide for the strengthening and development of the will.

VARIATIONS IN TEACHING OF APPRENTICES AND JOURNEYMEN.—­Scientific Management must not only be prepared to teach apprentices, as must all types of management, it must also teach journeymen who have not acquired standard methods.