PROGRESS IN SUCH TRAINING.—­The elementary sense experiences are defined and described by Calkins.[15] Only through a psychological study can one realize the numerous elements and the possibility of study.  As yet, doubtless, Scientific Management misses many opportunities for training and utilizing the senses.  But the standardizing of elements, and the realization of the importance of more and more intensive study of the elements lends assurance that ultimately all possibilities will be utilized.

AS MANY SENSES AS POSSIBLE APPEALED TO.—­Scientific Management has made great progress in appealing to as many senses as possible in its teaching.  The importance of the relation between the senses is brought out by Prof.  Stratton.[16]

In teaching, Scientific Management has, in its teachers, animate and inanimate, great possibilities of appealing to many senses simultaneously.  The instruction card may be

    1. read to oneself silently—­eyes appealed to
    2. read to oneself aloud—­eyes and ears appealed to, also
       muscles used trained to repeat
    3. read aloud to one—­ears
    4. read aloud to one and also read silently by one,—­
       eyes and ears
    5. read aloud, and at the same time copied—­eyes, ears,
       muscles of mouth, muscles of hand
    6. read to one, while process described is demonstrated
    7. read to one while process is performed by oneself

There are only a few of the possible combinations, any of which are used, as best suits the worker and the work.[17]

UNTRAINED WORKER REQUIRES APPEAL TO MOST SENSES.—­The value of appeal to many senses is best realized in teaching an inexperienced worker.  His senses help to remind him what to do, and to “check up” his results.

AT TIMES APPEAL TO BUT ONE SENSE PREFERABLE.—­In the case of work that must be watched constantly, and that involves continuous processes, it may prove best to have directions read to the worker.  So also, the Gang Instruction Card may often be read to advantage to the gang, thus allowing the next member of a group of members to rest, or to observe, while directions are taken in through the ears only.  In this way time is allowed to overcome fatigue, yet the work is not halted.

AT TIMES ONE SENSE IS BEST NOT UTILIZED.—­At times teaching may well omit one sense in its appeal, because that sense will tend to confuse the learning, and will, when the method is learned, be otherwise utilized than it could be during the learning process.  In teaching the “touch system” of typewriting,[18] the position of the keys is quickly remembered by having the key named aloud and at the same time struck with the assigned finger, the eyes being blindfolded.  Thus hearing is utilized, also mouth muscles and finger muscles, but not sight.

IMPORTANCE OF FATIGUE RECOGNIZED.—­A large part of the success of sense appeal and sense training of Scientific Management is in the appreciation of the importance of fatigue.  This was early recognized by Dr. Taylor, and is constantly receiving study from all those interested in Scientific Management.