OBJECT-LESSONS MAY BE DEMONSTRATIONS BY THE TEACHER.—­The teacher may demonstrate the method manually to the worker, or by means of films showing synthesized right methods on the motion-picture screen.  This, also, is a successful method of teaching those who speak a different language, or of explaining new work,—­though it calls for a better memory than does the “working model,” The model, however, shows desired results; the demonstration, desired methods.

DEMONSTRATION METHOD CHIEF METHOD OF TEACHING BY FOREMEN.—­The manual demonstration method is the chief method of teaching the workmen by the foremen under Scientific Management, and no method is rated as standard that cannot be successfully demonstrated by the teacher, at any time, on request.

WORKER MAY DEMONSTRATE UNDER SUPERVISION.—­If the worker is of that type that can learn only by actually doing the work himself, he is allowed to demonstrate the method under supervision of the teacher.[8]

TEACHING ALWAYS AVAILABLE UNDER SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT.—­Under Scientific Management all of these forms of teaching are available constantly.  The instruction card and accompanying illustrations are given to the worker before he starts to work, and are so placed that he can consult them easily at any time during the work.  As, also, if object-lessons are used, they are given before work commences, and repeated when necessary.

The teacher is constantly available for oral instruction, and the systems are constantly available for consultation.

METHODS OF TEACHING UNDER SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT PSYCHOLOGICALLY RIGHT.—­In order to prove that teaching under Scientific Management is most valuable, it is necessary to show that it is psychologically right, that it leads to mental development and improvement.  Under Scientific Management, teaching,—­

     1. uses and trains the senses.
     2. induces good habits of thinking and acting.
     3. stimulates attention,
     4. provides for valuable associations.
     5. assists and strengthens the memory.
     6. develops the imagination.
     7. develops judgment.
     8. utilizes suggestion.
     9. utilizes “native reactions.”
    10. develops the will.

TEACHING UNDER SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT TRAINS THE SENSES.—­ Scientific Management, in teaching the man, aims to train all of his senses possible.  Not only does each man show an aptitude for some special sense training,[9] but at certain times one sense may be stronger than another; for example, the sense of hearing, as is illustrated by the saying, “The patient in the hospital knoweth when his doctor cometh by the fall of his footsteps, yet when he recovereth he knoweth not even his face.”  At the time that a certain thing becomes of interest, and becomes particularly interesting to one sense, that sense is particularly keen and developed.

Scientific Management cannot expect, without more detailed psychological data than is as yet available, to utilize these periods of sense predominance adequately.  It can, and does, aim to utilize such senses as are trained, and to supply defects of training of the other senses.