VALUABLE ELEMENTS OF TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT CONSERVED.—­There are, however, many valuable elements of the old Traditional system of teaching and of management which should be retained and not be lost in the new.

For example,—­the greatest single cause of making men capable under the old plan was the foreman’s unconscious ability to make his men believe, before they started a task, that they could achieve it.

It must not be thought that because of the aids to the teacher under Scientific Management the old thought of personality is lost.  The old ability to convert a man to the belief that he could do a thing, to inspire him with confidence in his foreman, with confidence in himself, and a desire to do things, is by no means lost, on the contrary it is carefully preserved under Scientific Management.

TEACHING OF TRANSITORY MANAGEMENT SUPPLEMENTED.—­In the transforming of Transitory into Scientific Management, we note that the process is one of supplementing, not of discarding.  Written system, which is the distinguishing characteristic of Transitory Management, is somewhat limited in its scope, but its usefulness is by no means impaired.

SCOPE OF TEACHING UNDER SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT.—­Under Scientific Management teaching must cover

    1.  Teaching of right methods of doing work,
    2.  Teaching of right habits of doing the right methods.

The teacher must so impart the knowledge that judgment can be acquired without the learner being obliged himself to experience all the elements of the judgment.

NEEDS FOR TEACHING UNDER SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT.—­The needs for this teaching have been stated, but may be recapitulated here.

    1.  Worker may not observe his own mistakes.
    2.  Worker has no opportunity under the old industrial
       conditions to standardize his own methods.
    3.  Worker must know standard practice.
    4.  Waste can be eliminated by the teaching.
    5.  Right habits can be instilled.

SOURCES OF TEACHING UNDER SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT.—­The sources of teaching under Scientific Management are

1.  Friends or Relatives } 2.  Fellow workers } If the worker chooses 3.  Literature of the Trade } to use them. 4.  Night schools and study } 5.  The Management. }

METHODS OF TEACHING UNDER SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT.—­The Methods of Teaching under Scientific Management are

1.  Written, by means of

(a) Instruction Cards telling what is to be done
and how.
(b) Systems, explaining the why.
(c) Drawings, charts, plans, photographs, illustrating
methods.
(d) Records made by the worker himself.

2.  Oral, the teaching of the Functional Foremen.

3.  Object-lessons: