The pin plan, with each pin or flag representing a worker, or work place, and following his progress on a plan of the work, presents a bird’s-eye view in miniature of the entire working force; and the bulletin board, with its cards that represent work ahead, not only eliminates actual delay of shifting from one task to another, but permits studying out one task while doing another, and also destroys all fear of delay between jobs.

IMPOSSIBILITY OF DESCRIBING ROUTING DEVICES ACCURATELY.—­These routing devices might all be described at length, but no description could do them justice.  A visit to a shop, or factory, or other industrial organization operating under Scientific Management is necessary, in order to appreciate not only their utility, but the interest that they arouse.  These programmes are no dead, static things.  They are alive, pulsing, moving, progressing with the progress of the work.

PROPHECY BECOMES POSSIBLE UNDER SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT.—­The calendar, or chronological chart, becomes a true prophecy of what will take place.  This is based on the standardized elementary units, and the variations from it will be so slight as to allow of being disregarded.

SUMMARY

RESULTS OF PROGRAMME TO THE WORK.—­Under Traditional Management the tentative calendar might cause speed, but could not direct speed.  Under Transitory Management elimination of waste by prescribed methods and routing increases output.  This increase becomes greater under Scientific Management.  Standardized routing designs the shortest paths, the least wasteful sequence of events, the most efficient speed, the most fitting method.  The result is more and better work.

RESULTS OF PROGRAMMES TO THE WORKER.—­A programme clarifies the mind, is definite.  The Traditional worker was often not sure what he had better do next.  The worker under Scientific Management knows exactly what he is to do, and where and how he is to do it.

The attention is held, a field of allied interests are provided for possible lapses, as are also methods for recalling attention.

The programme provides for a look ahead, and the relief that comes from seeing the path before one.  This ability to foresee also leads to a feeling of stability.  The knowledge that there is a large amount of work ahead, ready to be attacked with no delay, eliminates anxiety as to future employment.  This allows of concentration on the work in hand, and a feeling that, this work being properly done, one is free to turn to the next piece of work with the absolute assurance that what has been done will be satisfactory.

RELATION BETWEEN RECORDS AND PROGRAMMES.—­No discussion of records and programmes would be complete that did not consider the relation between them.

IMPORTANCE OF THIS RELATION.—­The relation between records and programmes in the various types of management is most important, for the progress from one type to another may be studied as exemplified in the change in these relations.