Verbenas raised from the best strains of seed come true to colour and the plants are models of health and vigour, and make resplendent beds.  It is of the utmost importance to remember that the Verbena requires very little of the artificial heat to which it is commonly subjected, and which fully accounts for the frequency of disease among plants propagated from cuttings.  Seed may be sown in boxes in January, February, and March, the earlier sowings naturally requiring more heat than the later ones.  As the seedlings become large enough, they should be potted on and planted out in May, when they will flower throughout the summer, and far into the autumn.

Verbenas may also be sown in March or April in boxes, put into a frame, and if kept moist a lot of plants will appear in about a month.  When large enough these must be carefully lifted and potted.  A rich, mellow, and very sweet soil is needed by the Verbena.  Many of the failures that occur in its cultivation are not only traceable to the coddling of the plant under glass, but also to the careless way in which it is often planted on poor worn-out soil that has been cropped for years without manure, or even the sweetening effects of a good digging.  Raising Verbenas from seed has restored this plant to the list of easily grown and thoroughly useful flowers for the parterre.

The hardy perennial =V. venosa= also comes perfectly true and uniform from seed.

==Viola==

==Tufted Pansy.  Hardy perennial==

This plant well merits its popularity for use in beds and borders.  It is perfectly hardy, the habit is good, and it continues in bloom for several months in the year.  The treatment prescribed for Pansy is also suitable for Viola.

==Wallflower==

==Cheiranthus Cheiri.  Hardy biennial==

Wallflowers are often sown too late.  As a result the growth is not thoroughly matured, and the plants present but a feeble show of bloom.  They should in their season be little mounds of fire and gold, exhaling a perfume that few flowers can equal in its peculiar freshness.  Sow the seed in May or June, in a sunny place, on rather poor, but sweet and well-prepared soil favourable to free rooting.  When the plants are two inches high, transplant into rows six inches asunder, allowing three inches apart in the row, and as soon as the plants overlap transplant again, six or nine inches apart every way, aiding with water when needful to help them to new growth.  Or lift every other row and every other plant, leaving the remainder untouched to supply flowers for cutting.  When the beds are cleared of their summer occupants, they may be filled with the best plants of Wallflower, to afford cheerful green leafage all through the winter and a grand show of bloom in the spring, as frost will not hurt the single varieties; but the doubles will not always endure the rigours of a severe winter.