The Ranunculus can be grown either from seed or from roots.  The seed is thinly sown from January to March, in boxes four to six inches deep, filled with good soil.  A cool greenhouse or frame is the proper place for the boxes until the spring is somewhat advanced.  A little extra care is requisite to insure free growth and a hardy constitution, and the roots should not be turned out of the boxes until they have ceased growing and are quite ripe; then they may be stored for planting in November or February.  For particulars on the treatment of roots, see page 348.

==Ricinus==

==Castor-oil Plant.  Half-hardy annual==

Although this plant flowers freely, it is grown in the sub-tropical garden principally for its noble ornamental foliage, and also in the shrubbery border, either alone or in conjunction with other fine subjects, such as Canna, Solanum, Nicotiana, and Wigandia.  Plants of the dwarfer varieties may also be used with very decorative effect in conservatories and greenhouses during the summer and autumn months.

To have plants ready for making a show in early summer they must be raised as half-hardy annuals in February or March.  From the commencement a rich soil and abundant supplies of water are necessary for the production of stately specimens.  The seed is large, and may be put singly into pots, or three or four in each, and the latter is the usual practice.  A temperature of about 60 deg. will bring them up.  If several plants are grown in a pot, they must be separated while quite young, and put into small pots filled with very rich soil.  It is almost impossible to have the compost too rich, so long as drainage is quite safe.  When the pot is full of roots, shift to a larger size, and commence the process of hardening, in readiness for planting out in June.  This is worth some care, for if the plant receives a check when put out, it may take a long time to recover, and then part of the brief growing season will be wasted.  Many gardeners never raise Ricinus in heat, but trust entirely to a sowing in the open on the first day of May.  The seeds are put in three inches deep, in groups of three or four, and finally the plants are thinned to one at each station.

Prepare the soil in advance by deep digging and the incorporation of an abundant supply of manure.  The most effectual way of doing it is to take out the earth to a depth of eighteen inches or two feet, and fill in with decayed manure and loam, chiefly the former.  Upon this put out the plant, or sow seed as may be determined.  If this is too great a tax on resources, or the near presence of shrubs renders the proceeding impossible, drive a bar into the soil, which, if light, can be readily worked into a fair-sized hole.  Fill this with rich stuff nearly to the top, and over it either put the plant or sow seed.  A heavy top-dressing round each stem is also desirable, and the application of copious supplies of water will carry the nourishment down to the roots.  Sub-tropical plants are only a source of disappointment under niggardly treatment, but they amply repay all the care and generosity which a liberal hand may lavish upon them.  The plants will need the support of stakes to save them from injury in a high wind.